An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

The Two Humans take a good, hard look in the mirror and decide they need cosmetic surgery.  Episode 87 -- Tall, Dark, and Handsome (with a Little More Hair on Top) An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501   Resources: Akter, Farhana and Greg Williams 2016 The Evolution of Hair Transplant Surgery. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 431-446.   Arnett, George 2014 Germany: the world's capital of penis enlargement. The Guardian, July 31, 2014, www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/jul/31/germany-the-worlds-capital-of-penis-enlargment-country.   Blair, Lorrie and Maya Shalmon 2005 Cosmetic Surgery and the Cultural Construction of Beauty. Art Education, May 2005, Vol. 58, No. 3 (May, 2005), pp. 14-18.   Britannica Editors 2026 Body Modifications and Mutilations. Britannica.com, www.britannica.com/ science/body-modifications-and-mutilations, (accessed June 11, 2026).   Bukumal, Zain and Ash Mosahebi 2016 Body Contouring. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 409-430.   Chen, Yuan, Yinuo Jiang, Xiao Li, Bin Wang, et al. 2025 Penile enhancement: A comprehensive and current perspective. Current Urology, March 28, 2025, 19(3), pp. 145–156.   Cleveland Clinic 2023 Foreskin Restoration. The Cleveland Clinic (website), July 18, 2023, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/25139-foreskin-restoration. Deslandes, Paul R. 2021 The Culture of Male Beauty in Britain. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.   Drury, Colin 2018 ‘I wanted a truncheon in my pants’: the rise of the penis extension. The Guardian, September 22, 2018, www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/ sep/22/penis-extension-wanted-truncheon-in-pants-rise.   Duguid, Michelle M. and Jack A. Goncalo 2012 Living Large: The Powerful Overestimate Their Own Height. Psychological Science, January 2012, Vol. 23, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 36-40.   Gangestad, Steven W. and Glenn J. Scheyd 2005 The Evolution of Human Physical Attractiveness. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2005, Vol. 34 (2005), pp. 523-548.   Gilman, Sander L. 1999 Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.    Honigman, Roberta J., Katharine A. Phillips, and David J. Castle 2004 A Review of Psychological Outcomes for Patients Seeking Cosmetic Surgery. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, April 1, 2004, 113(4), pp. 1229-1237.   Kanapathy, Muholan and Niall Kirkpatrick 2016 Facial Aesthetic Surgery. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 346-373. Korhonen, Anu 2010 Strange Things Out of Hair: Baldness and Masculinity in Early Modern England. The Sixteenth Century Journal, Summer 2010, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 371-391.   Kottak, Conrad Phillip 2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity (Fourteenth Edition), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Lee, Bruce Y. 2026 ‘Bone Smashing’ TikTok Trend, Here Are Dangers Of Hammering Your Face. Minded by Science, March 1, 2026, bruceylee.substack.com/p/bone-smashing-tiktok-trend-here-are. 2026 What Is Mogging? Psychology Today, March 5, 2026, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/a-funny-bone-to-pick/202603/what-is-mogging.   Leung, Billy Ching, Kimberly Lau, and Hugo Henderson 2016 Blepharoplasty – Special Focus on Asian Blepharoplasty. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 374-386.   Lincoln, Margarette 2024 Perfection: 400 Years of Women’s Quest for Beauty. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.   Mangweth, B., H.G. Pope, G. Kemmler, C. Einbichler, et al. 2001 Body Image and Psychopathology in Male Bodybuilders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Vol. 70, No. 1 (2001), pp. 38-43. Michaelson, Ruth 2025 ‘Being short is a curse’: the men paying thousands to get their legs broken – and lengthened. The Guardian, August 17, 2025, www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/2025/aug/17/being-short-is-a-curse-the-men-paying-thousands-to-get-their-legs-broken-and-lengthened.   Murugesan, Log, Julia Ruston, and Patrick Mallucci 2016 Aesthetic Breast Surgery. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 387-408   Pandolfi, Mariella 1999 Body. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, June 1999, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (June 1999), pp. 16-19.   Pappas, Dale 2026 Was Napoleon Short? Here’s the Truth About His Height. The Collector, April 4, 2026, www.thecollector.com/how-tall-was-napoleon/.   Perito Clinic 2026 The History of Penis Enlargement: From Prehistoric Times to Today. PeritoClinic.com (website), peritoclinic.com/the-history-of-penis-enlargement-from-prehistoric-times-to-today/ (accessed June 14, 2026).   Reischer, Erica and Kathryn S. Koo 2004 The Body Beautiful: Symbolism and Agency in the Social World. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2004, Vol. 33 (2004), pp. 297-317.   Rhode, Deborah L.  2009 The Injustice of Appearance. Stanford Law Review, Mar., 2009, Vol. 61, No. 5 (Mar., 2009), pp. 1033-1101.   Ricciardelli, Rosemary and Kimberley Clow 2009 Men, Appearance, and Cosmetic Surgery: The Role of Self-esteem and Comfort with the Body. The Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 34, No. 1 (2009), pp. 105-134.   Rothfeld, Becca 2026 The Captivating Derangement of the Looksmaxxing Movement. The New Yorker, March 7, 2026, www.newyorker.com/culture/critics-notebook/the-captivating-derangement-of-the-looksmaxxing-movement.   Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA) 2026 What Is the Average Penis Size?. Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA) (website), www.smsna.org/patients/did-you-know/what-is-the-average-penis-size (accessed June 14, 2026).    Snaith, Philip 1992 Body Image Disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 1992, Vol. 58, No. 3/4 (1992), pp. 119-124.   Sokolow, Jayme A. 2017 Size Matters: A History of Height in America. Academica Press: Washington, DC.    Sosnick, Charlie 2026 What is Bonesmashing? Inside the Extreme Looksmaxxer Technique. GQ, February 24, 2026, www.gq.com/story/what-is-bonesmashing-looksmaxxing-technique.   Sullivan, Deborah A. 2001 Cosmetic Surgery: The Cutting Edge of Commercial Medicine in America.  Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ. Thornhill, Randy and Steven W. Gangestad 1999 Facial Attractiveness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 12, December 1999, pp. 452-460.   Tomkins, Isaaq 2026 You can’t control everything’: the rise in plastic surgeons asked to create ‘AI face.’ The Guardian, May 23, 2026, www.theguardian.com/technology/ 2026/ may/23/rise-in-plastic-surgeons-asked-to-create-ai-face-cosmetic-surgery.   Wang, Marina 2026 How 5 Ancient Cultures Literally Reshaped the Human Skull. History.com, March 6, 2026, www.history.com/articles/ancient-skull-cranial-modification.   Wegenstein, Bernadette 2012 The Cosmetic Gaze: Body Modification and the Construction of Beauty. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.     World Population Review 2026 Average Height by State 2026. World Population Review (website), worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/average-height-by-state, (accessed June 21, 2026).      

The Two Humans are joined by comedian, actor, and art lover Chris Hogan as they discuss sticky fingers in art museums and why it’s so hard to recover stolen artworks. Episode 86 – How Much Is That Degas in the Window? The One with the Spurious Tale. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501 Resources:   Aikman, Ian and Rachel Hagen 2025 Everything We Know about the Louvre Jewelry Heist. BBC, October 20, 2025, www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg7nrlkg0zxo.   Alford, Kenneth D.  2000 Nazi Plunder: Great Treasure Stories of World War II. Da Capo Press, Cambridge, MA.   Artbusiness.com 2026 Art Provenance: What It Is and How to Verify It. Artbusiness.com (website), www.artbusiness.com/provwarn.html (accessed March 22, 2026).    Barelli, John and Zachary Schisgal 2019 Stealing the Show: A History of Art and Crime in Six Thefts. Lyons Press, Guilford, CT.   Borodkin, Lisa J.  1995 The Economics of Antiquities Looting and a Proposed Legal Alternative. Columbia Law Review, Mar., 1995, Vol. 95, No. 2 (Mar., 1995), pp. 377-417.    Brower II, Charles H.  2005 Republic of Austria v. Altmann. The American Journal of International Law, Jan., 2005, Vol. 99, No. 1 (Jan., 2005), pp. 236-242.   Charney, Noah 2018 The Museum of Lost Art. Phaedon Press Limited, London, UK. 2024 The Thefts of the Mona Lisa: The Complete Story of the World’s Most Famous Artwork. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD. Collins, Donald E. and Herbert P. Rothfeder 1983 The Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg and the Looting of Jewish and Masonic Libraries during World War II. The Journal of Library History (1974-1987), Winter, 1983, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter, 1983), pp. 21-36.   Davies, Caroline 2025 Two men jailed over theft of £4.75m gold toilet from Blenheim Palace. The Guardian, June 13, 2025, www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/jun/13/two-men-jailed-over-theft-of-gold-toilet-from-blenheim-palace.   DeMott, Deborah A. 2012 Artful Good Faith: An Essay on Law, Custom, and Intermediaries in Art Markets. Duke Law Journal, December 2012, Vol. 62, No. 3, Special Symposium Issue Custom and Law (December 2012), pp. 607-643.   Evans, Laura 2024 The Atlas of Art Crime: Thefts, Vandalism, and Forgeries. Prestel, Munich, Germany.   Evans, Richard J.  2011 Art in the Time of War. The National Interest, May/June 2011, No. 113 (May/June 2011), pp. 16-26.   Gaudenzi, Bianca and Astrid Swenson 2017 Looted Art and Restitution in the Twentieth Century—Towards a Global Perspective. Journal of Contemporary History, July 2017, Vol. 52, No. 3 (July 2017), pp. 491-518.    Gerstenblith, Patty 2008 Art, Cultural Heritage, and the Law (Second Edition). Carolina Academic Press, Durham, NC.    Gerstenblith, Patty and Lucille Roussin 2007 International Cultural Property. The International Lawyer, SUMMER 2007, Vol. 41, No. 2, International Legal Developments in Review: 2006 (SUMMER 2007), pp. 613-628.   Givens, Seth A. 2014 Liberating the Germans: The US Army and Looting in Germany during the Second World War. War in History, January 2014, Vol. 21, No. 1 (January 2014), pp. 33-54.    Hendricks, Ashley Domingo 2022 Our Obsession with Art Heists. JSTOR Daily, August 19, 2022, daily.jstor.org/our-obsession-with-art-heists/.   Henley, Jon 2025 Prosecutor has ‘small hope’ of recovering Louvre jewels thanks to gear left by thieves. The Guardian, October 24, 2025, www.theguardian.com/world/ 2025/oct/24/louvre-jewels-recovery-dna-fingerprints. 2025 Four More People Arrested in Connection with Louvre Heist. The Guardian, November 25, 2025, www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/25/more-people-arrested-louvre-heist.   Houpt, Simon 2006 Museum of the Missing: A History of Art Theft. Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., New York, NY.   Interpol 2025 Louvre Museum theft: Stolen jewels added to INTERPOL's Stolen Works of Art database. Interpol (website), October 21, 2025, www.interpol.int/en/ News-and-Events/News/2025/Louvre-Museum-theft-Stolen-jewels-added-to-INTERPOL-s-Stolen-Works-of-Art-database. 2026 Our Analysis Reports. Interpol (website), www.interpol.int/How-we-work/Criminal-intelligence-analysis/Our-analysis-reports, accessed May, 4, 2026.   Jenkins, Tiffany 2018 From Objects of Enlightenment to Objects of Apology: Why You Can’t Make Amends for the Past by Plundering the Present. Dethroning Historical Reputations: Universities, Museums, and the Commemoration of Benefactors (ed. Jill Pellew and Lawrence Goldman), University of London Press, London, UK.   Jones, Jonathan 2016 Dashing rogues? No, art thieves are boring goons. The Guardian, April 7, 2016, www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/ jonathanjonesblog /2016/ apr/07/art-theft-market-follows-the-money-edvard-munch-stolen-picture.   Kakar, Arun 2026 The global art market rebounded to $59.6 billion in 2025, Art Basel and UBS Report finds. Artsy, March 11, 2026, www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-global-art-market-rebounded-596-billion-2025-art-basel-ubs-report-finds.   King, Thomas F.  2008 Cultural Resource Laws & Practice (Third Edition). Altamira Press, Lanham, MD.    Kuta, Sarah 2024 That Viral Banana Duct-Taped to a Wall? It Just Sold for $6.2 Million. Smithsonian Magazine, November 21, 2024, www.smithsonianmag.com/ smart-news/that-viral-banana-duct-taped-to-a-wall-it-just-sold-for-6-2-million-180985523/.   Leath, Mason 2025 Solid gold toilet named 'America' sells at auction for $12M. ABC News, November 19, 2025, abcnews.com/US/solid-gold-toilet-named-america-sells-auction-12m/story?id=127669474. Merryman, John Henry 1985 Thinking about the Elgin Marbles. Michigan Law Review, Vol. 83, No. 8 (Aug., 1985), pp. 1980-1923.   Miles, Margaret M. 2008 Art as Plunder: The Ancient Origins of Debate about Cultural Property. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.    National Gallery of Canada 2026 Provenance. National Gallery of Canada (website), www.gallery.ca/research/provenance (accessed March 22, 2026).   New York Times 1976 Picasso Theft Valued at $4.5 Million. The New York Times, February 2, 1976, https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/02/archives/picasso-theft-valued-at-45-million.html.   O’Connor, Anne-Marie 2012 The Lady in Gold: The Extraordinary Tale of Gustav Klimt’s Masterpiece Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer. Vintage Books, New York, NY.     Oltermann, Philip 2013 The mysterious Munich recluse who hoarded €1bn of Nazis' stolen art. The Guardian, November 4, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/ nov/04/ nazi-art-hoard-munich-recluse-cornelius-gurlitt.   Paumgarten, Nick 2006 The $40-Million Elbow. The New Yorker, October 16, 2006, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/10/23/the-40-million-elbow. Petropoulos, Jonathan 2021 Goring’s Man in Paris. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.     Restrepo, Manuela Lopez 2025 UK court finds men who stole $6 million gold toilet guilty. NPR, March 20, 2025, www.npr.org/2025/03/20/g-s1-54909/golden-toilet-stolen-cattelan-6-million-convicted.   Reyhan, Patricia Youngblood 2001 A Chaotic Palette: Conflict of Laws in Litigation between Original Owners and Good-Faith Purchasers of Stolen Art. Duke Law Journal, Feb., 2001, Vol. 50, No. 4 (Feb., 2001), pp. 955-1043.   Roodt, Christa 2013 Restitution of Art and Cultural Objects and Its Limits. The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, November 2013, Vol. 46, No. 3 (November 2013), pp. 286-307.   Schapiro, Rich and Ani Ucar 2026 A $58,000 sofa? Inside the mind-boggling crime spree of L.A.'s 'most tasteful' burglar. NBC News, April 3, 2026, www.nbcnews.com/ investigations/58000-sofa-mind-boggling-crime-spree-ls-tasteful-burglar-rcna254532.    Shoumatoff, Alex 2014 The Devil and the Art Dealer. Vanity Fair, March 19, 2014, www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/04/degenerate-art-cornelius-gurlitt-munich-apartment.   Spencer, Ronald D. and Gary D. Sesser 2013 Provenance: Important, Yes, But Often Incomplete and Often Enough, Wrong. Artnet, June 26, 2013, news.artnet.com/market/the-importance-of-provenance-in-determining-authenticity-29953.   UNESCO 2023 The illicit trafficking of cultural goods shall be recognized as a security issue. UNESCO (website), November 23, 2023, www.unesco.org/en/articles/ illicit-trafficking-cultural-goods-shall-be-recognized-security-issue.   Willingham, Leah 2026 Inside the world’s largest art heist when over $500M of paintings were stolen from a Boston museum. APNnews.com. April 26, 2026, apnews.com/article/isabella-stewart-gardner-museum-art-heist-boston-512da0322ce5c93c1bbafc7a5e228b2c.  

Oh la la!! The Two Humans travel back to their own adolescence to investigate why people become obsessed with certain activities. Episode 85: Is That a Baguette in Your Pocket or Are You Just a Happy Francophile? An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501 Resources: American Psychological Association  2002   Developing Adolescents: A Reference for Professionals. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.   Amodeo, John 2018   Would You Like to Be More Interesting: Keys to Richer Connections. Psychology Today, June 4, 2018, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/intimacy-a-path-toward-spirituality/201806/would-you-like-to-become-more-interesting.   Aristides 1997   Life and Letters: Anglophilia, American Style. The American Scholar, Summer 1997, Vol. 66, No. 3 (Summer 1997), pp. 327-334.    Basford, Steve 2024   Breaking Away: A Retrospective. Proving Press, Newark, OH.   Bauerlein, Monika 2015   Last of the Munichans. Mother Jones, July/August 2015, www.motherjones.com/ media/2015/07/europeans-dressed-as-native-americans-photos.   Brown, Laurence 2013   Lost in the Pond: Why Are There So Many American Anglophile? Anglotopia, October 14, 2013, anglotopia.net/anglophilia/lost-in-the-pond-why-are-there-so-many-american-anglophiles/.   Bucar, Liz 2022   Stealing My Religion: Not Just Any Cultural Appropriation. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.   Burton, Antoinette 2003   When Was Britain? Nostalgia for the Nation at the End of the “American Century.” The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 75, No. 2 (June 2003), pp. 359-374.   Coffey, Simon 2010   Stories of Frenchness: Becoming a Francophile. Language and Intercultural Communication, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 2010, pp. 119-136.   Copeland, Libby 2021   Why Are We All So Obsessed with Genealogy. Literary Hub, June 11, 2021, lithub.com/we-are-we-all-so-obsessed-with-genealogy/.   Deloria, Philip J. 1998   Playing Indian. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.   Dery, Mark 2013   England My England: Anglophilia Explained. Thought Catalog, Brooklyn, NY.   Dewey, Dan P. 2007   Language Learning During Study Abroad: What We Know and What We Have Yet to Learn. Japanese Language and Literature, Oct., 2007, Vol. 41, No. 2, Study Abroad for Advanced Skills (Oct., 2007), pp. 245-269.   Everett, Dion 2025   The French Dispatch and Francophilia in Film. The Cambridge Language Collective (website), www.thecambridgelanguagecollective.com/europe/the-french-dispatch-and-francophilia-in-film (accessed January 29, 2026).   Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta 2012   Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Friedman, Harris 2009   Xenophilia as a Cultural Trap: Bridging the Gap Between Transpersonal Psychology and Religious/Spiritual Traditions. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 107-111, digitalcommons.ciis.edu/ijts-transpersonalstudies/vol28/iss1/10/.   Goldstein, Sam 2025   You Don’t Need to Be Interesting, Just Interested: Real connection starts with listening. Psychology Today, September 23, 2025, www.psychologytoday.com /us/ blog/raising-resilient-children/202509/you-dont-need-to-be-interesting-just-interested.   Graham, Laura R. and H. Glenn Penny 2015   Becoming ‘Indigenous’: German Fascination with North American Indians.  Utne Reader, February 13, 2015, www.utne.com/community/north-american-indians-ze0z1502zhur/.   Hale, Matthew 2014   Cosplay: Intertextuality, Public Texts, and the Body Fantastic. Western Folklore, Winter 2014, Vol. 73, No. 1 (Winter 2014), pp. 5-37.   Hents, Nathan H. 2018   The Meaning and Meaninglessness of Genealogy. Psychology Today, January 29, 2018, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beastly-behavior/201801/the-meaning-and-meaninglessness-genealogy.   Jackson, Lauren Michele 2019   White Negroes: When Cornrows Were in Vogue…And Other Thoughts on Cultural Appropriation. Beacon Press Books, Boston, MA.   Joutard, Genevieve and Philippe Joutard 2006   De la francophilie en Amerique : Ces Americains qui aiment la France. Actes Sud, Arles, France.   Kale, Sirin 2020   The New Anglophilia: Why the US is Going Wild for English Accents and Culture. The Guardian, www.theguardian.com/uk-news/shortcuts/2020/feb/11/the-new-anglophilia-why-the-us-is-going-wild-for-english-accents-and-culture.   Kloppers, Mandy 2014   Forms of Escapism. MentalHealth.com, April 9, 2014, www.mentalhealth.com/ library/forms-of-escapism.   Kooy, Michael John 2000   Coleridge’s Francophobia. The Modern Language Review, Oct., 2000, Vol. 95, No. 4, (Oct., 2000), pp. 924-941.   Leo, Geoff, Roxanna Woloshyn, and Linda Guerriero 2023   Who is the real Buffy Sainte-Marie? CBC News, October 27, 2023, www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/buffy-sainte-marie.   Longeway, John L. 1990   The Rationality of Escapism and Self-Deception. Behavior and Philosophy, Fall/Winter, 1990, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Fall/Winter 1990), pp. 1-20.   Lore of Life 2024   Understanding Ennui: Unravelling the Depths of Modern Discontent. Lore of Life, October 12, 2024, loreoflife.com/ennui/.   Mackelden, Amy 2022   Anna Delvey Is So Much More than a "Fake German Heiress." 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Oddee, June 16, 2015, www.oddee.com/item_99357.aspx.   Pink, Matthew 2025   The Francophile Condition. The Good Life France (website), thegoodlifefrance.com/the-francophile-condition/, (accessed January 29, 2026).   Psychologs Entertainment 2024   The Psychology Behind Passion. Psychologs, January 5, 2024, www.psychologs.com/the-psychology-behind-passion/ ?srsltid =AfmBOoqXHdRIqaRYbWX0_WXvrxkODfem1xiyG7WzQr-ZoJbQklfN4ZP7.   Psychology Today 2025   Imposter Syndrome. Psychology Today.com (website), www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/imposter-syndrome, accessed February 2, 2026.   Queenan, Joe 2011   Why America’s Anglophiles Are Missing the Point of the Royal Wedding. Time, April 28, 2011, time.com/archive/6595657/why-americas-anglophiles-are-missing-the-point-of-the-royal-wedding/.   Rickman, Catherine 2021   5 of the Most Famous Francophiles in History. Frenchly, February 17, 2021, frenchly.us/5-of-the-most-famous-francophiles-in-history/.   Said, Edward W. 1978   Orientalism. 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It’s time to high five and give each other some skin as The Two Humans celebrate those two work horses at the end of our arms—THE HANDS! Episode 84: Give Your Hands a Hand: A Slow Clap for an Underappreciated Appendage. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501 Resources:   Alpenfels, Ethel J. 1955   The Anthropology and Social Significance of the Human Hand. Artificial Limbs, May 1, 1955, 2 (2), pp. 4-21.   Baccarini, Matteo and Angelo Maravita 2013   Beyond the Boundaries of the Hand: Plasticity of Body-Space Interactions Following Tool Use. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 77-99.   Bell, Charles 1852   The Hand: Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments As Evincing Design. London, John Murray.   Bremner, Andrew J. and Dorothy Cowie 2013   Developmental Origins of the Hand in the Mind, and the Role of the Hand in the Development of the Mind. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 27-55.    Bridgman, George B. 1920   The Book of a Hundred Hands. Dover Publications, Garden City, New York.   Britannica Editors 2021   Brachiation. Encyclopedia Britannica (website), December 20, 2021, www.britannica.com/science/brachiation.   Byrns, Arthur G. 1906   The Hand in Art. Brush and Pencil, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Sep., 1906), pp. 117-122.   Cahn, Laura 2024   14 Common Hand Gestures That Are Rude in Other Countries. Reader’s Digest, November 25, 2024, www.rd.com/article/common-hand-gestures-rude-in-other-countries/.   Cole, Jonathan 2013   “Capable of Whatever Man’s Ingenuity Suggests”: Agency, Deafferentation, and the Control of Movement. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 3-25.    Cooperrider, Kensy 2020   Where Do Finger Names Come From? JSTOR Daily, January 1, 2020, daily.jstor.org/where-do-finger-names-come-from/.   Farmer, Harry and Manos Tsakiris 2013   Hand-Centered Space, Hand-Centered Attention, and the Control of Movement. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 103-130.   Feder, Kenneth L. and Michael Alan Park 2007   Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (Fifth Edition). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Given, Leila 1929   The Bacterial Significance of the Handshake. The American Journal of Nursing, Mar., 1929, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Mar., 1929), pp. 254-256.   Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2011   Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Helvetius, Claude Adrien 1810   De l’Esprit or, Essays on the Mind and Its Several Faculties (translated from the French). London: Albion Press.   Herz, Robert 2013   The Pre-Eminence of the Right Hand: A Study in Religious Polarity. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013), pp. 335-357.   Holmes, Nicholas P. 2013   Hand-Centered Space, Hand-Centered Attention, and the Control of Movement. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 57-76.   International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) 2024   Animals with Opposable Thumbs. International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) (website), September 18, 2024, www.ifaw.org/journal/animals-opposable-thumbs.   Isaac Newton.org 2026   Isaac Newton Quotes. Isaac Newton.org (website), www.isaacnewton.org/ quotes.jsp (accessed January 12, 2026).   Keller, Helen 2023   The Story of My Life. Global Publishers, Glendale, WI.   Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 2010   Oldest evidence of human stone tool use and meat-eating found. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (website), August 12, 2010.   Morrison, Terri and Wayne A. Conaway 1995   Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands (2nd Edition). Adams Media, Stoughton, MA.    Napier, John (Revised by Russell H. Tuttle) 1980   Hands. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.   Prinz, Jesse J. 2013   Foreword: Hand Manifesto. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. ix-xvii.    Radman, Zdravko 2013   Beforehand. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. xix-xxii.    Ratcliffe, Matthew 2013   Touch and the Sense of Reality. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 131-157.    Read, Alice 2024   Why are hands so difficult to draw? Using the failures of AI to understand. Art UK, July 8, 2024, artuk.org/discover/stories/why-are-hands-so-difficult-to-draw-using-the-failures-of-ai-to-understand.   Roberts, Alice 2018   Evolution: The Human Story, Second Edition. Dorling Kindersley, New York, NY.   Rolian, Campbell, Daniel E. Lieberman, and Benedikt Hallgrimsson 2010   The Coevolution of Human Hands and Feet. Evolution, June 2010, Vol. 64, No. 6 (June 2010), pp. 1558-1568.   Siede, Carolyn 2017   Here’s Why Cartoon Characters Only Have 4 Fingers. A.V. Club, March 29, 2017, www.avclub.com/here-s-why-cartoon-characters-only-have-4-fingers-1798259730.   TCT: Top China Travel 2025   Chinese Etiquette: Fist and Palm Salute. TCT: Top China Travel (website), www.topchinatravel.com/china-guide/chinese-etiquette-fist-and-palm-salute.htm, accessed December 22, 2025.   Tyler, Adrienne 2022   Why So Many Cartoon Characters Only Have 4 Fingers. Screen Rant, January 1, 2022, screenrant.com/cartoon-characters-four-fingers-hands-animation-reason/.   Webster, Richard 2024   Palm Reading for Beginners. Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, Minnesota.   Wilson, Frank 1998   The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture. Vintage Books, New York, NY. 

You WILL listen to this episode. You WILL enjoy it. The Two Humans discuss Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiment and Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment. Episode 83: Obedience and Authority: From Shock the Monkey to Jailhouse Rock An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources: Caspar, Emilie A. 2024   Just Following Orders: Atrocities and the Brain Science of Obedience. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.   De Vos, Jan 2011   Depsychologizing Torture. Critical Inquiry, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Winter 2011), pp. 286-314.   Eckman, Bruce K. 1977   Research: Stanley Milgram’s “Obedience” Studies. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, March 1977, Vol. 34, No. 1 (March 1977), pp. 88-99.   Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah 1996   Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. Vintage Books, New York, NY.   Hale, Rebecca 2020   ‘They Were Just Following Orders’: Relationships between Milgram’s Obedience Experiments and Conceptions of Holocaust Perpetration. Holocaust Education: Contemporary Challenges and Controversies (ed. Stuart Foster, Andy Pearce, and Alice Pettigrew. UCL Press, London, UK.   Harvard University Department of Psychology 2025   Stanley Milgram (1933-1984). Harvard University (website), psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/stanley-milgram, (accessed November 30, 2025).   Helm, Charles and Mario Morelli 1979   Stanley Milgram and the Obedience Experiment: Authority, Legitimacy, and Human Action. Political Theory, Aug., 1979, No. 3 (Aug., 1979), pp. 321-345.     Krueger, Joachim I. 2008   Review: Lucifer’s Last Laugh: The Devil Is in the Details. Reviewed Work(s): The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil by Philip Zimbardo. The American Journal of Psychology, Summer, 2008, Vol. 121, No. 2 (Summer, 2008), pp. 335-341.   Le Texier, Thibault 2024   Investigating the Stanford Prison Experiment: History of a Lie. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.   Levine, Robert 2007   Review: The Evil That Men Do. American Scientist, September-October 2007, Vol. 95, No. 5 (September-October 2007), pp. 440-442.   Milgrim, Stanley 1974   Obedience to Authority. Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York, NY. 1974   The Dilemma of Obedience. The Phi Delta Kappan, May, 1974, Vol. 55, No. 9 (May, 1974), pp. 603-606.   Stannard, Matthew B. 2002   BBC’s ‘Reality’ Show May Be Cruel and Unusual Television/Program Based on Stanford Prison Experiment. SFGate.com, January 28, 2002, www.sfgate.com/ news/article/BBC-s-reality-show-may-be-cruel-and-unusual-2879491.php.   Stevens, Francis L., Robin A. Hurley, and Katherine H. Taber 2011   Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Unique Role in Cognition and Emotion. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Volume 23, Number 2, Spring 2011, pp. 120-125.       Stigler, Kimberly A. and Christopher J. McDougle 2013   Structural and Functional MRI Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ed. Joseph D. Buxbaum and Patrick R. Hof). Academic Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 251-266.   Travers, Jeffrey and Stanley Milgram 1969   An Experimental Study of the Small World Problem. Sociometry, Vol 32, No. 4 (Dec., 1969), pp.425-443.   Zimbardo, Philip 2008   The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. Random House Trade Paperbacks, New York, NY.   Zurcher, Anthony 2025   Fallout from ‘illegal orders’ video escalates battle with Democrats over US patriotism. BBC, November 26, 2025, www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq8dqq ddpe8o.

A shrieking outside your window. A fluttering at the corner of your eye. In this year’s Halloween episode, The Two Humans investigate the frightening history of FAIRIES. Episode 82: For Fear of Little Men: Fairies, Pixies, and Other Assorted Wee Folk An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources: Allingham, William 2025   The Fairies. Scottish Poetry Library (website), www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk/poem / fairies/, accessed October 19, 2025.   Briggs, K. M. 1957   The English Fairies. Folklore, Mar., 1957, Vol. 68, No. 1 (Mar., 1957), pp. 270-287.   Christiansen, Reidar Th. 1973   Some Notes on the Fairies and the Fairy Faith. Bealoideas, 1971-1973, Im. 39/41 (1971 – 1973), pp. 95-111.   Chua, Eu Jin 2025   Disenchantment. Encyclopaedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/topic/ disenchantment-sociology (accessed October 26, 2025).   Daimler, Morgan 2024   The Victorians, the Theosophists and the Cottingley Fairies: The Reshaping of Modern Fairy Belief. The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: New Approaches to Fairies, Fakes and Folklore (ed. Simon Young). Pwca Books and Pamphlets, Coppell, TX., pp. 182-195.   Dearnley, Elizabeth 2021   Introduction. Fearsome Fairies: Haunting Tales of the Fae (ed. Elizabeth Dearnley). The British Library, London, UK, pp. 7-17.   Dickson, Meri 2024   Fairy Fraud: The Socio-Cultural Impact of the Cottingley Fairy Photographs. The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: New Approaches to Fairies, Fakes and Folklore (ed. Simon Young). Pwca Books and Pamphlets, Coppell, TX., pp. 251-266.     Doyle, Arthur Conan 1922   The Coming of the Fairies: The Cottingley Incident. Hodder & Stoughton, London, UK.   Eberly, Susan Schoon 1988   Fairies and the Folklore of Disability: Changelings, Hybrids and the Solitary Fairy. Folklore, 1988, Vol. 99, No. 1 (1988), pp. 58-77.   Elfschool 2025   The Elfschool. The Elfschool (website), theelfschool.com (accessed October 26, 2025).   Fae Magazine 2025   Fairy Festivals 2025. Fae Magazine (website), www.faemagazine.com/summer-fairy-festivals-2025/ (accessed October 26, 2025).   Frimmer, Steven 1976   Neverland: Fabled Places and Fabulous Voyages of History and Legend. The Viking Press, New York, NY.   Inuma, Kaori 2024   Edward Gardner’s Theosophical Storyworld. The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: New Approaches to Fairies, Fakes and Folklore (ed. Simon Young). Pwca Books and Pamphlets, Coppell, TX., pp. 159-181.   Jenkins, Richard 2000   Disenchantment, Enchantment and Re-Enchantment: Max Weber at the Millennium. Max Weber Studies, November 2000, Vol. 1, No. 1 (November 2000), pp. 11-32.     Kay, Karen 2024   Fairy Whispering: 111 Magical Practices for Connecting with the Fairies. Hay House, London, UK.   Kelly, Dan 2022   Kansas City’s Fairyland Park Conjures Fond Memories—and the Shadow of Racism. The Kansas City Star, July 22, 2022.   Knight, Sirona 2005   The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Elves and Fairies. Alpha Books, New York, NY.   Maher, F. R. 2021   Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Secret of the Cottingley Fairies. F. R. Maher, Coppell, TX.   Purkiss, Diane 2000   Fairies and Fairy Stories: A History. Tempus, Stroud, UK.   Rose, Carol 1996   Spirits, Fairies, Gnomes, and Goblins: An Encyclopedia of the Little People. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA.   Salinas, Andres Felipe Barrero 2023   Max Weber on Disenchantment: Is Religion Obsolete? The Collector, May 31, 2023, www.thecollector.com/max-weber-disenchantment-world-religion/.   Silver, Carole 1986   On the Origin of Fairies: Victorians, Romantics, and Folk Belief.  Browning Institute Studies, 1986, Vol. 14, The Victorian Threshold (1986), pp. 141-156.   Slimane 2023   Land of Fairies: Queer New York at the Beginning of the 20th Century. Medium, June 4, 2023, medium.com/@TVRPGhistory/land-of-fairies-f5ff18184934 .   Young, Simon 2013   A History of the Fairy Investigation Society, 1927-1960. Folklore, August 2013, Vol. 124, No. 2 (August 2013), pp. 139-156. 2024   The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: An Introduction. The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: New Approaches to Fairies, Fakes and Folklore (ed. Simon Young). Pwca Books and Pamphlets, Coppell, TX, pp. 7-12.   Zipes, Jack 2000   Introduction. The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales (ed. Jack Zipes). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. xv-xxxii.

In this episode, The Two Humans get even with an in-depth discussion of REVENGE! Episode 81:  REVENGE! Make Mine Cold and Sweet, Please. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources: AZ Quotes 2025   John Milton Quotes about Revenge. AZ Quotes (website), accessed September 24, 2025, www.azquotes.com/author/10164-John_Milton/tag/revenge.   Barash, David P. and Judith Eve Lipton 2011   Payback: Why We Retaliate, Redirect Aggression, and Take Revenge. Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, NY.   BookBrowse 2025   Revenge is a dish best served cold. BookBrowse (website), accessed September 24, 2025, www.bookbrowse.com/expressions/detail/index.cfm/expression_ number/703/revenge-is-a-dish-best-served-cold.   De Quervain, Dominique J-F., Urs Fischbacher, Valerie Treyer, Melanie Schellhammer, Ulrich Schnyder, Alfred Buck, and Ernst Fehr 2004   The Neural Basis of Altruistic Punishment. Science, Vol. 305, August 27, 2004.   Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica 2025   Talion. Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed September 22, 2025, www.britannica.com/topic/talion.   Elster, Jon 1992   Norms of Revenge. Ethics and Personality: Essays in Moral Psychology (ed. John Deigh), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.   Jacoby, Susan 1983   Wild Justice: The Evolution of Revenge.  Harper Colophon Books, New York, NY.     Jaffe, Eric 2011   The Complicated Psychology of Revenge. Association for Psychological Research (website), October 4, 2011, www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/ the-complicated-psychology-of-revenge.   Kimmel, Jr., James 2025   The Science of Revenge: Understanding the World’s Deadliest Addition—and How to Overcome It. Harmony Books, New York, NY.   McCullough, Michael E. 2008   Beyond Revenge: The Evolution of the Forgiveness Instinct. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.   Murphy, Jeffrie G. 2003   Getting Even: Forgiveness and Its Limits. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.   Rohland, Lindsay 2022   Eye-for-an-Eye (Talion). EBSCO Knowledge Advantage, accessed September 22, 2025, www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/eye-eye-talion#full-article.   Rosenbaum, Thane 2013   Payback: The Case for Revenge. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

To celebrate their 80th episode, The Two Humans get a belly full of corn (and we’re not talkin’ about moonshine)! Episode 80: Gettin’ Corny! The Amazing History of Maize. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources: Bailey, Flora L. 1940   Navaho Foods and Cooking Methods. American Anthropologist, Vol. 42(2), pp. 270-290.   Biography 2019   Orville Redenbacher. Biography, April 16, 2019, www.biography.com/business-leaders/orville-redenbacher.   Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell 1942   Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture. The University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.    Christensen, Clyde M. and Henry H. Kaufman 1969   Grain Storage: The Role of Fungi in Quality Loss. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.   Cleveland Clinic 2025   Pellagra. Cleveland Clinic [website], my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/ 23905-pellagra.   Cordell, Linda S., H. Wolcott Toll, Mollie S. Toll, and Thomas C. Windes  2008   Archaeological Corn from Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: Dates, Contexts, Sources. American Antiquity 73(3), pp. 491–511.   Czerwony, Beth 2021   Why Can You See Corn in Your Poop? Cleveland Clinic (website), June 24, 2021, health.clevelandclinic.org/why-can-you-see-corn-in-poop.   Dappen, Nathan and Neil Losin (Directors) 2015   Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn [Video]. HHMI Biointeractive, www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/popped-secret-mysterious-origin-corn.   Davidson, Alan 2002   The Penguin Companion to Food. Penguin Books, London, UK.   Devor, E. J. and Linda S. Cordell 1981   Neural-Tube Defects in a Pre-Historic South-Western Indian Population. Annals of Human Biology, 8(1), pp. 65–75.   Dickerson, George 1992   A Small-Scale Agriculture Alternative: Specialty Corns. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, June 1992.      Fine Dining Lovers Editorial Staff 2023   What Huitlacoche Is and How to Eat It. Fine Dining Lovers (website), March 31, 2023, www.finedininglovers.com/explore/articles/what-huitlacoche-and-how-eat-it.   Fussell, Betty 1992   The Story of Corn. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM.   Galinat, Walton C. 1988   The Origin of Corn. Corn and Corn Improvement, Third Edition (ed. G. F. Sprague and J. W. Dudley, American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, pp. 1-31.   Huff, Leah Alexandra 2006   Sacred Sustenance: Maize, Storytelling, and a Maya Sense of Place. Journal of Latin American Geography, 2006, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2006), pp. 79-96.     Hussein, Hussein S. and Jeffrey M. Brasel  2001   Toxicity, Metabolism, and Impact of Mycotoxins on Humans and Animals. Toxicology, Vol. 167, pp. 101–134.   Juárez-Montiel, Margarita, Sandra Ruiloba de León, Griselda Chávez-Camarillo, César Hernández-Rodríguez, and Lourdes Villa-Tanaca 2011   Huitlacoche (Corn Smut), Caused by the Phytopathogenic Fungus Usilago maydis, as a Functional Food. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología, Vol. 28(2), pp. 69–73.   Kavena, Juanita Tiger 1980 Hopi Cookery. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.   Keoke, Emory Dean and Kay Marie Porterfield 2003   Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World. Checkmark Books, New York.   King, Frances B. and Bonnie W. Styles 1978   2000 Years of Corn in the “Corn Belt.” Central States Archaeological Journal, Vol. 25, No. 4 (OCTOBER, 1978), pp. 180-184.   Kleinman, Evan 2022   Teosinte: Corn’s Wild Unruly Ancestor Had a Spiritual Significance. Good Food (podcast), KCRW, December 30, 2022, www.kcrw.com/culture/shows/good-food/masa-corn-history-science-politics-reair/teosinte-corn-ancestors-spiritual-history.   Licht, Mark and Zachary Clemens 2021   The Birds and Bees of Corn Pollination. Integrated Crop Management, Iowa State University, Extension and Outreach (website), July 19, 2021, https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/post/ birds-and-bees-corn-pollination.   Marasas, W. F. O.  1996   Fumonisins: History, World-Wide Occurrence and Impact. In Fumonisins in Food (ed. Lauren S. Jackson, Jonathan W. Devries, and Lloyd B. Bullerman). Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1-17.   McCray, John 2013   Mycotoxins, Maize, and Site Abandonment in the American Southwest [Master’s Thesis]. New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM.   Peraica, M., B. Radic, A. Lucic, and M. Pavlovic.  1999   Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins in Humans. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 77(9), pp. 754–766.   Radford, Benjamin 2013   Why Can’t Humans Eat Grass? Live Science, January 28, 2013, www.livescience.com/32435-why-cant-humans-eat-grass.html.   Rice, Ellie 2018   Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn (Film Guide). HHMI Biointeractive (website), January 2018, www.biointeractive.org/sites/ default/files/ PoppedSecret-Educator-film.pdf.   Robbins, Wilfred William, John Peabody Harrington, and Barbara Freire-Marreco  1916   Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians (Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 55. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.   Smith, Leah 2025   Corn Pollination: The Nerdy Gardener's Complete Guide. Sow True Seed (website), accessed June 24, 2025, sowtrueseed.com/blogs/ gardening/corn-pollination-the-nerdy-gardeners-complete-guide.     Snow, David H.  1990   Tener Comal y Metate: Protohistoric Rio Grande Maize Use and Diet (ed. Paul E. Minnis and Charles L. Redman). Perspectives on Southwest Prehistory, Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO, pp. 289-300.   USDA National Agricultural Library 2025   Early History. USDA National Agricultural Library (website), www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/popcorn/early-history, accessed August 29, 2025. 2025   Popcorn Explosion. USDA National Agricultural Library (website), www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/popcorn/popcorn-explosion, accessed August 21, 2025.   Weatherwax, Paul 1918   The Evolution of Maize. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 45, No. 8 (Aug., 1918), pp. 309-342. 1954   Indian Corn in Old America. The MacMillan Company, New York, NY. Wetterstrom, Wilma 1986   Food, Diet, and Population at Prehistoric Arroyo Hondo Pueblo, New Mexico. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.    

In this episode, The Two Humans discuss COLORS and what happens when “our brains and the universe meet.” Oh, wow, man; like, far out!! Episode 79: Well, Sex Me Up and Color Me Bad!! A Kaleidoscopic Look at Colors An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:   Brusatin, Manlio 1991   A History of Colors. Shambhala, Boston, MA.    Cleveland Clinic 2025   Synesthesia. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed June 9, 2025, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/24995-synesthesia.   D’Andrade, R. and M. Egan 1974   The Colors of Emotion. American Ethnologist,  Feb., 1974, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Feb., 1974), pp. 49-63.   Deak, Megan 2024   Why Were Roman Citizens Punished for Wearing Purple? WorldAtlas.com (website), February 16, 2024, www.worldatlas.com/ancient-world/why-were-roman-citizens-punished-for-wearing-purple.html.   Deutscher, Guy 2010   Through the Language Glass: Why the World Looks Different in Other Languages. Picador, New York, NY.    Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica 2025   Kaleidoscope: Optical Device. Encyclopaedia Britannica (website), accessed July 11, 2025, www.britannica.com/technology/kaleidoscope.   Eriksen Translations 2025   How Translating Colors Across Cultures Can Help You Make a Positive Impact. Eriksen Translations (website), February 3, 2020, eriksen.com/marketing/ color_culture/.   Finlay, Victoria 2002   Color: A Natural History of the Palette. Random House Trade Paperbacks, New York, NY.    Fox, James 2021   The World According to Color: A Cultural History. Penguin Books, London, UK.    Girard, Jeremy 2019   Visual Color Symbolism Chart by Culture. ThoughtCo, September 25, 2019, www.thoughtco.com/visual-color-symbolism-chart-by-culture-4062177.   Gloye, Eugene E. 1957   Why Are There Primary Colors? The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Critism, Sep., 1957, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Sep., 1957), pp. 128-131.   Gregonis, Linda M. and Victoria R. Evans 2025   The Hohokam and Their World: An Exploration of Art and Iconography. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.   Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2011   Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Jones, Nicola 2022   Over the Rainbow: How Culture Shapes Color. Atmos (website), November 1, 2022, atmos.earth/over-the-rainbow-color-perception-science/.   Jones, Tim 2010   Unweaving the Rainbow. Communicate Science (website), February 28, 2010, communicatescience.com/zoonomian/2010/02/28/unweaving-the-rainbow/.   Josserand, Mathilde, Emma Meeussen, Asifa Majid, and Dan Dediu 2021   Environment and Culture Shape Both the Colour Lexicon and the Genetics of Colour Perception. Nature.com, September 27, 2021, www.nature.com/ articles/ s41598-021-98550-3.   Kareklas, Ioannis, Frederic F. Brunel, and Robin A. Coulter 2014   Judgment Is Not Color Blind. Journal of Consumer Psychology, Vol. 24, No. 1 (January 2014), pp. 87-95.   Kean, Sam 2022   Could Claude Monet See Like a Bee? Distillations Magazine, January 11, 2022, www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/could-claude-monet-see-like-a-bee/.   Keats, John 2025   Lamia. Part II. Poeticous (website), www.poeticous.com/keats/lamia-part-ii, accessed July 14, 2025.   Kottak, Conrad Phillip 2011   Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Addition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Madden, Thomas J., Kelly Hewett, and Martin S. Roth 2000   Managing Images in Different Cultures: A Cross-National Study of Color Meanings and Preferences. Journal of International Marketing, 2000, Vol. 8, No. 4 (2000), pp. 90-107.     Meyers, Harriet 2021   Can Dogs See Color? American Kennel Club (website), December 7, 2021,   www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/can-dogs-see-color/.     Nostalgia Central 2025   X-Ray Specs. Nostalgia Central (website), nostalgiacentral.com/pop-culture/fads/x-ray-specs/, accessed July 12, 2025.   Psychology Today 2025   Synesthesia. Psychology Today (website), accessed June 9, 2025 www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/synesthesia.   Qiblawi, Adnan 2024   Art Bites: Could Monet See into the Ultraviolet Spectrum. ArtNet, September 18, 2024, news.artnet.com/art-world/art-bites-could-monet-see-into-the-ultraviolet-spectrum-2538474.   Robinson, Jefferson 2022   Colour Semiotics and What They Mean in Other Cultures. Buzzword (website), February 27, 2022, buzzwordcreative.co.uk/colour-semiotics-and-what-they-mean-in-other-cultures/.   Shech, Elay and Michaeol Watkins 2025   Colors are objective, according to two philosophers—even though the blue you see doesn’t match what I see. The Conversation, April 25, 2025,  theconversation.com/colors-are-objective-according-to-two-philosophers-even-though-the-blue-you-see-doesnt-match-what-i-see-234467.   SmarterTravel 2016   What Colors Mean in Other Cultures. HuffPost.com, January 26, 2016, www.huffpost.com/entry/what-colors-mean-in-other_b_9078674.   St. Clair, Kassia 2016   The Secret Lives of Color. Penguin Books, New York, NY.   Wikipedia.org 2025   I Wanna Sex You Up. Wikipedia.org  (website), accessed July 11, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Wanna_Sex_You_Up.  

Pronouns are little words that cause big problems. In this episode, The Two Humans discuss the quest for a non-gendered, third-person, personal pronoun. Episode 78: BYOP (Bring Your Own Pronoun): The Profound Power of Personal Pronouns. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:   Anderson, James 1792 Grammatical Disquisitions. The Bee or Literary Weekly Intelligencer, Volume Eleventh, James Anderson, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp. 120-130.    Baron, Dennis 2020 What’s Your Pronoun? Beyond He & She. Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York, NY.     Behrens, Susan J.  2014 English Pronouns Revealed. Research and Teaching in Developmental Education, Spring 2014, Vol. 30, No. 2, (Spring 2014), pp. 91-95.     Blake, Frank R.  1934 The Origin of Pronouns of the First and Second Person. The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 55, No. 3 (1934), pp. 244-248.    Bullock, Barbara 2001 On the Use of ils for elles: Gender Syncretism in the History of French. The French Review, Mar., 2001, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Mar., 2001), pp. 700-709   Curzan, Anne 1996 Third Person Pronouns in the ‘Peterborough Chronicle.’ Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 1996, Vol. 97, No. 3 (1996), pp. 301-314.   Fleming, Grace 2018 Dangling Participle: Explanation and Examples. ThoughtCo.com, December 22, 2018, www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-dangling-participle-1857150. Flom, George T. 1908 Contributions to the History of English. I: The Origin of the Pronoun “She.” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, Apr., 1908, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Apr., 1908), pp. 115-125.     Foertsch, Julie and Morton Ann Gernsbacher 1997 In Search of Gender Neutrality: Is Singular “They” a Cognitively Efficient Substitute for Generic “He”? Psychological Science, Mar., 1997, Vol. 8, No. 2 (mar., 1997), pp. 106-111.    Grammarly.com 2024 What Are Split Infinitives? Meaning and Examples. Grammarly.com, January 18, 2024, www.grammarly.com/blog/grammar/split-infinitives/.   Hogan, Pat, Gayle Roberts and Farren Gillaspie 2017 Why Does Language Matter? Counterpoints, 2017, Vol. 485, Basically Queer: An Intergeneration Introduction to LGBTQA2S+ Lives (2017), pp. 8-17.    Hope, Jonathan 1993 Second Person Singular Pronouns in Records of Early Modern ‘Spoken’ English. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 1993, Vol. 94, No. 1 (1993), pp. 83-100.    HRC Foundation 2025 Glossary of Terms. Human Rights Campaign (website), accessed May 26, 2025, www.hrc.org/resources/glossary-of-terms.   Kottak, Conrad Phillip 2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Addition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Lakoff, Robin Tolmach 1975 Language and Woman’s Place in Language and Woman’s Place: Text and Commentaries (ed. by Mary Bucholz), 2004, Oxford University Books, Oxford, UK. 1990 Talking Power: The Politics of Language. Basic Books, New York, NY.     Livia, Anna 2001 Pronoun Envy: Literary Uses of Linguistic Gender. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.     MacNamara, Jessica, Sarah Glann and Paul Durlak 2017 Experiencing Misgendered Pronouns: A Classroom Activity to Encourage Empathy. Teaching Sociology, JULY 2017, Vol. 45, No. 3 (JULY 2017), pp. 269-278.   Martyna, Wendy 1980 Beyond the “He/Man” Approach: The Case for Nonsexist Language. Signs, Spring, 1980, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Spring, 1980), pp. 482-493.   McWhorter, John 2025 Pronoun Trouble: The Story of Us in Sevel Little Words. Avery, New York, NY.     Pennebaker, James W. 2011 The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say about Us. Bloomsbury Publishing, New York, NY.    Schilt, Kristen and Laurel Westbrook 2015 Bathroom Battlegrounds and Penis Panics. Contexts, SUMMER 2015, Vol. 11, No. 3, Moving through Time and Space (SUMMER 2015), pp. 26-31.    Scribendi.com 2025 Where Did the Oxford Comma Come From, and Why Is It So Important?. Scribendi.com (website), accessed July 5, 2025, www.scribendi.com/academy/ articles/oxford_comma_importance.en.html.     Shakespeare, William 2025 Act 3, Scene 1 from Romeo and Juliet. The Folger Shakespeare Library (website), accessed June 11, 2025, www.folger.edu/explore/shakespeares-works/romeo-and-juliet/read/3/1/. 2025 Speech: O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo. Poetry Foundation (website), accessed June 11, 2025, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/56974/ speech-o-romeo-romeo-wherefore-art-thou-romeo.   Simpson, Paul and Andrea Mayr 2010 Language and Power: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge, Abingdon, UK.     Stock, Braxton Phoenix 2023 Understanding Gender Identity. Braxton Phoenix Stock, Coppell, TX.     Svartengren, T. Hilding 1927 The Feminine Gender for Inanimate Things in Anglo-American. American Speech, Dec., 1927, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Dec., 1927), pp. 83-113.    Swick, Ed 2011 English Pronouns and Prepositions (Second Edition). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.     Vocabulary.com 2025 “Dangling Participle.” Vocabulary.com Dictionary (website), accessed June 10, 2025, https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/dangling participle.   Yorkston, Eric and Gustavo E. De Mello 2005 Linguistic Gender Marking and Categorization. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 32, No. 2, (September 2005), pp. 224-234.   

The Two Humans go searching for the Iron Age and discover the ancestor of reality television instead.   Episode 77: Iron Age House: “Living in the Past” and the Evolution of Reality TV An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources: Anderson, Jay 1982 Living History: Simulating Everyday Life in Living Museums. American Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 3 (1982), pp. 290-306.   BFI Screenonline 2025 Living in the Past (1978). BFI Screenonline (website), accessed May 31, 2025, screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/583427/.   Current Archaeology 2025 Building the Past: Reconstructing a Late Neolithic House from Wyke Down. Current Archaeology, April 28, 2025, Issue 423, the-past.com/feature/building-the-past-reconstructing-a-late-neolithic-house-from-wyke-down/#.   Dolan, Brian 2016 Making Iron in the Irish Midlands: The Social and Symbolic Role of Iron Age Ironworkers. The Journal of Irish Archaeology, Vol. 25 (2016), pp. 31-48.   Dowling, Tim 2015 10,000 BC Review: ‘It might make you wish you lived in a time before television.’ The Guardian, February 3, 2015, www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/feb/03/10000-bc-review-channel-5-reality-series#:~:text=It.   Firstbrook, Peter 2001 Surviving the Iron Age. BBC Worldwide Ltd, London, UK.   Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore 2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, London, UK.   Hodder, Ian 2001 Introduction: A Revival of Contemporary Theoretical Debates in Archaeology. Archaeological Theory Today (ed. Ian Hodder), pp. 1-13.Jodelka, Filipa 2015 10,000 BC: ‘They’d face disaster in their modern lives, never mind the prehistoric ones. The Guardian, February 7, 2015, www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/feb/02/10000-bc-reality-show-preview.   Llawerch, Will 2022 The Little Book of Iron Age Skills. Endeavour Productions Canada, Coppell, TX.   McCarthy, Patrick 2014 “Living History” As the “Real Thing”: A Comparative Analysis of the Modern Mountain Man Rendezvous, Renaissance Fairs, and Civil War Reenactments. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, April 2014, Vol. 71, No. 2 (April 2014), pp. 106-123.   Nussbaum, Emily 2024 Cue the Sun: The Invention of Reality TV. Random House, New York, NY.   Percival, John 1980 Living in the Past: A Journey Back to the Iron Age. British Broadcasting Corporation, London, UK.     Peterson, David 1988 IN MY OPINION: There Is No Living History, There Are No Time Machines. History News, September/October 1988, Vol. 43, No. 5 (September/October 1988), pp. 28-30.   Poole, Michael (Executive Producer) 2007 What Happened Next? Living in the Past. [Television Program]. BBC Bristol. Powell, Eric A. 2015 Hillforts of the Iron Age. Archaeology, November/December 2015, Vol. 68, No. 6 (November/December 2015), pp. 54-56, 58, 60, 62-63.    Renfrew, Colin 2001 Symbol before Concept: Material Engagement and the Early Development of Society. Archaeological Theory Today (ed. Ian Hodder), pp. 122-140.   Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn 2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames and Hudson, New York, NY.   Rose, Randall L. and Stacy L. Wood 2005 Paradox and the Consumption of Authenticity through Reality Television. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 32, No. 2 (September 2005), pp. 284-296.    Williams, Joe 2025 Beltain Celtic Fire Festival at Butser Ancient Farm – Crowds Dazzled by Burning of 40 ft. Wickerman. The News, May 4, 2025, www.portsmouth.co.uk/news /people/beltain-celtic-fire-festival-at-butser-ancient-farm-crowds-dazzled-by-burning-of-40ft-wickerman-5112680.      

Calling all high rollers! The Two Humans roll the dice and discuss why humans love to gamble. Trust me, this episode is a sure bet! Episode 76: Come on! Daddy Needs a New Pair of Shoes An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011   Resources: American Gaming Association 2025 Commercial Gaming Tracker. American Gaming Association (website), April 17, 2025, www.americangaming.org/resources/commercial-gaming-revenue-tracker/.   Anonymous, Henrietta Bowden-Jones, and Sanju George 2012 Gambling Addiction. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 7 January 2012, Vol. 344, No. 7838 (7 January 2012), pp. 47-49.    Asbury, Herbert 1938 Sucker’s Progress: An Informal History of Gambling in America. Thunder’s Mouth Press, New York, NY.   Betts, Anna 2025 Sports Betting Firms Claim Their Programs Are ‘Not Designed’ to Enable Problem Bettors—But Advocates Are Skeptical. The Guardian, February 22, 2025, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/22/sports-betting-vip-programs.   Borghesi, Richard 2008 Widespread Corruption in Sports Gambling: Fact or Fiction? Southern Economic Journal, Apr., 2008, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Apr., 2008), pp. 1063-1069.    Carran, Malzgorzata (Margaret)  2013 Minors and Gambling Addiction. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 2013, Vol. 4, No. 4 (2013), pp. 509-520.    Chadwick, Meloney Crawford 2004 Gambling. GPSolo, OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2004, Vol. 21, No. 7, More Bumps in the Road (OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2004), pp. 46-47.  Cline, Austin 2017 Macuilxochitl: Macuilxochitl, God of Gambling in Aztec Religion. Learn Religions,  March 15, 2017, www.learnreligions.com/macuilxochitl-aztec-god-of-gambling-248585.    DraftKings 2025 What Is a Point Spread Bet? DraftKings (website), accessed May 3, 2025, help.draftkings.com/hc/en-us/articles/4405230599955-What-is-a-point-spread-bet-US.   Duke University Medical Center 2005 Gambling Monkeys Give Insight into the Neural Machinery of Risk. Science Daily.com (website), August 23, 2005, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/ 2005/ 08/050823080657.htm.   Eadington, William R. 1999 The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer, 1999, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Summer, 1999), pp. 173-192.    Fisher, Eric 2025 Americans Bet $148 Billion on Sports in 2024, Up 23.6%. Front Office Sports, February 20, 2025, frontofficesports.com/americans-bet-148-billion-on-sports-in-2024-up-23-6/.   Greenberg, Doug 2025 U.S. Sports Betting Industry Post Record $13.7B Revenue for ’24. ESPN, February 19, 2025, www.espn.com/espn/betting/story/_/id/43922129/us-sports-betting-industry-posts-record-137b-revenue-24.   Guardian Staff 2025 John Oliver on US Sports Betting: ‘It Shouldn’t Be This Easy to Love This Much. The Guardian, March 17, 2025, www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2025/mar/17/john-oliver-last-week-tonight-betting.   Haines, Lester 2004 HK Feds Bust Illegal Cricket Fighting Ring. The Register, August 16, 2004, https://www.theregister.com/2004/08/16/cricket_fighting_ring/.   Henson, Steve 2025 Fans Say the Games Are Rigged for the Chiefs. Are the Officials on Kansas City’s Side.The Los Angeles Times, January 27, 2025, sports.yahoo.com/ officials-favoring-chiefs-drue-tranquill-190921412.html.   Janvrin, Richard 2025 Point Spread Betting: Sports Betting Guide. PennLive.com, April 2, 2025, www.pennlive.com/betting/guides/pointspread/.   Lesieur, Henry R. and Robert L. Custer 1984 Pathological Gambling: Roots, Phases, and Treatment. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jul., 1984, Vol. 474, Gambling: Views from the Social Sciences (Jul., 1984), pp. 146-156.   Nair, Nitten 2025 Macuilxochitl: God of Games. MythLok (website), accessed May 5, 2025, mythlok.com/macuilxochitl/.   Ouellette, Jennifer 2024 Archaeologist Believe This Bronze Age Board Game Is the Oldest Yet Found. Arstechnica.com, September 16, 2024, arstechnica.com/science/2024/09/ archaeologists-believe-this-bronze-age-board-game-is-the-oldest-yet-found/.   Pappas, Stephanie 2022 Ancient Game Board Could Be a Missing Link Tied to the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Live Science, August 26, 2022, www.livescience.com/board-game-tied-to-egyptian-book-of-dead.html. Parlett, David 2025 Faro. Encyclopedia Britannica (website), accessed May 5, 2025, www.britannica.com/topic/faro-card-game.   Perdum, David 2024 Study: ‘Angry Bettors’ behind Growing Abuse of NCAA Athletes. ESPN, October 28, 2024, www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/41665899/study-angry-bettors-growing-abuse-ncaa-athletes.   Reynolds, Mike 2024 American Gaming Association: Legal Sports Betting Hit Record Revenue in 2023. S&P Global, February 21, 2024, www.spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insights/articles/2024/2/american-gaming-association-legal-sports-betting-hits-record-revenue-in-2023-80522087.   Schwartz, David G. 2006 Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling. Gotham Books, New York, NY.   Smith, Travis R., Michael J. Beran, and Michael E. Young 2017 Gambling in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): The Effects of Cues Signaling Risky Choice Outcomes. Learning & Behavior, April 18, 2017, Vol. 45, pp. 288-299.   Stinchfield, Randy and Ken C. Winters 1998 Gambling and Problem Gambling among Youths. The Annals of Political and Social Science, Mar., 1998, Vol. 556, Gambling: Socioeconomic Impacts and Public Policy (Mar., 1998), pp. 172-185.    Traina, Jimmy 2025 Troy Aikman Talks about Calling Out Refs, NFL During Texans-Chiefs Playoff Game.Sports Illustrated, January 30, 2025, www.krqe.com/sports/sports-illustrated/c9c44025/troy-aikman-talks-about-calling-out-refs-nfl-during-texans-chiefs-playoff-game/.

Think YOU can do it better? In this episode, The Two Humans take a swing at creating a better world. The suggestion box is outside the entrance to the communal showers. Episode 75: I’ll Topia if U-topia: Why It’s So Hard to Create a Perfect World. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources: Backhouse, Fid and others 2025 Cambodian Genocide. The Encyclopedia Britannica, March 21, 2025, www.britannica.com/event/Cambodian-Genocide.   Budds, Diana 2019 Inside Paraguay’s Failed Aryan ‘Utopia.’ Curbed, June 28, 2019, archive.curbed.com/2019/6/28/18744439/nueva-germania-failed-utopia.   Claeys, Gregory 2011 Searching for Utopia: The History of an Idea. Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.  2017 Dystopia: A Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.   Delano, Sterling F.  2004 Brook Farm: The Dark Side of Utopia. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.     Dobson, Jim 2023 How to Rule Your Own Country: Inside the Outrageous World of Micronations. Forbes, September 21, 2023, www.forbes.com/sites/jimdobson/2023/09/21/how-to-rule-your-own-country-inside-the-outrageous-world-of-micronations/.   Douglas, Jennifer 2022 Failed Dreams of Building ‘New Australia’ Utopia in Australia in Paraguay Jungle in 19th Century. Australian Broadcasting Corporation News, November 26, 2022 www.abc.net.au/news/2022-11-27/history-of-failed-attempt-to-build-new-australia-in-paraguay/101590946.   Greekgodsandgoddesses.net 2022 Elysium. Greekgodsandgoddesses.net, January 24, 2022, greekgodsandgoddesses.net/myths/elysium/.   Greene, Vivien 2011 Utopia/Dystopia. American Art, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Summer 2011), pp. 2-7.    Griffin, Sean 2018 Antislavery Utopias. Journal of the Civil War Era, Vol. 8, No. 2, The Future of Abolition Studies: A Special Issue (June 2018), pp. 243-268.   Hesiod 2025 Hesiod, Works and Days (trans. Gregory Nagy). Harvard University’s Center for Hellenic Studies (website), accessed April 27, 2025, chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/hesiod-works-and-days-sb/.   Kagan, Paul 1975 New World Utopias: A Photographic History of the Search for Community. Penguin Books, New York, NY.    Kumar, Krishan 2010 The Ends of Utopia. New Literary History, Summer 2010, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Summer 2010), pp. 549-569.    Lewis, Danny 2016 This Art Show Looks at 500 Years of Failed Utopias. Smithsonian Magazine, December 29, 2016, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/art-show-looks-500-years-failed-utopias-180961587/.   More, Thomas 2003 Utopia (trans. Paul Turner). Penguin Books, New York, NY.   National Cambodian Heritage Museum and Killings Field Memorial 2025 National Cambodian Heritage Museum and Killings Field Memorial (website), www.cambodianmuseum.org/remembering-the-killing-fields.   National Park Service  2023 Secular Utopias in America. National Park Service (website), October 23, 2023, www.nps.gov/articles/000/secular-utopias-in-america.htm. 2023 Utopias in America. National Park Service (website), October 24, 2023, www.nps.gov/articles/utopias-in-america.htm.   Orwell, George 1949 1984. Berkley/Mariner, New York, NY.    Reed, Lawrence 2021 The Dark Side of Paradise: A Brief History of America’s Utopian Experiments in Communal Living. Foundation for Economic Education (website), June 13, 2021, fee.org/articles/the-dark-side-of-paradise-a-brief-history-of-americas-utopian-experiments-in-communal-living/.   Rickett, Oscar 2018 Failed ‘Utopias’ Throughout History. VICE, April 9, 2018, www.vice.com/ en/article/failed-utopias-throughout-history-v25n1/.   Sargent, Lyman Tower and Lucy Sargisson 2014 Sex in Utopia: Eutopian and Dystopian Sexual Relations. Utopian Studies, Vol. 25, No. 2 (2014), pp. 299-320.    Savage, Rachel 2012 The World’s Top 5 Failed Utopias. The Isis, May 15, 2012, isismagazine. org.uk/about-us/

You better take a knee because in this episode, The Two Humans discuss everything from squatting to bean bag chairs. Episode 74: Taking a Sit: 5,000 Years of Taking a Load Off An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:   Bennett, Henry Eastman 1925 A Study of School Posture and Seating. The Elementary School Journal, Sep., 1925, Vol. 26, No. 1 (Sep., 1925), pp. 50-57.    British Medical Journal 1904 School Desks and Posture. The British Medical Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2288 (Nov. 5, 1904), pp. 1263-1264.    Chockalingam, Nachiappan 2020 Sitting on the Floor: Is It Better Than Sitting in a Chair? The Conversation, July 29, 2020, www.cnn.com/2020/07/29/health/floor-sitting-benefits-wellness-partner/index.html.   Danto, Arthur C. 1987 The Seat of the Soul: Three Chairs. Grand Street, Summer, 1987, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Summer, 1987), pp. 157-176.    Dhawan, Nikhil 2020 A Brief History of Sitting. Students of Living (website), July 19, 2020, www.studentsofliving.com/post/a-brief-history-of-sitting#.   Fuller, Robert C. and Derek E. Montgomery 2015 Body Posture and Religious Attitudes. Archiv fur Religionspsychologie/Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 2015, Vol. 37, No. 3 (2015), pp. 227-239.   Harris, Trudier 1996 Porch-Sitting as a Creative Southern Tradition. Southern Cultures, 1996, Vol. 2, No. 3/4 (1996), pp. 441-460.  Hewes, Gordon W. 1955 World Distribution of Postural Habits. American Anthropologist, Apr., 1955, New Series, Vol. 57, No. 2, Part 1 (Apr., 1955), pp. 231-244.    Icalla, Del 2024 Japanese Sitting Traditions. Nipino.com (website), January 19, 2024, www.nipino.com/japanese-sitting-traditions.     Jameson, Marni 2014 Sitting through History: Chair Designs through the Ages Reflect Changes in Materials, Technology, and Society. The Times Picayune, October 13, 2014, www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/sitting-through-history-chair-designs-through-the-ages-reflect-changes-in-materials-technology-and-society/article_5d27d534-7d87-5f75-b4cd-d9977fa74c04.html.   Katella, Kathy 2019 Why Is Sitting So Bad for Us? Yale Medicine, August 28, 2019, www.yalemedicine.org/news/sitting-health-risks.    Kikuchi, Hiroyuki, Shigeru Inoue, Yuko Odagiri, Manami Inoue, et al. 2015 Occupational Sitting Time and Risk of All-Cause Mortality among Japanese Workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, November 2015, Vol. 41, No. 6 (November 2015), pp. 519-528.    Rybczynski, Witold 2016 Now I Sit Me Down: From Klismos to Plastic Chair (A Natural History). Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, NY.    Straker, Leon M., Peter B. O’Sullivan, Anne Smith, and Mark Perry 2007 Computer Use and Habitual Spinal Posture in Australian Adolescents. Public Health Reports (1974-), Sep. – Oct., 2007, Vol. 122, No. 5 (Sep. – Oct., 2007), pp. 634-643.    Tenner, Edward 1997 How the Chair Conquered the World. The Wilson Quarterly (1976-), Spring, 1997, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Spring, 1997), pp. 64-70.    Yosifon, David and Peter N. Stearns 1998 The Rise and Fall of American Posture. The American Historical Review, Oct., 1998, Vol. 103, No. 4 (Oct., 1998), pp.1057-1095.  

Are you a hepcat, a skibidi rizzler, an NPC, or a square? In this episode, The Two Humans wrap their tongues around the latest lingo. You dig, Daddy-o? Episode 73: Slinging the Slang An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011   Resources:   Behrens, Cole 2024   Did You Just Get Mogged by a Skibidi Rizzler? Gen Alpha Slang Explained. The Columbus Dispatch, August 17, 2024, www.dispatch.com/story/ news/local/2024/08/17/skibidi-toilet-ohio-rizz-gen-alpha-slang-terms-meaning/74702923007/   Cassidy, Daniel 2007   How the Irish Invented Slang: The Secret Language of the Crossroads. CounterPunch, Petrolia, CA.   Coleman, Julie 2012   The Life of Slang. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.   Cook, Tim 2013   Fighting Words: Canadian Soldiers’ Slang and Swearing in the Great War. War in History, July 2013, Vol. 20, No. 3 (July 2013), pp. 323-344.   Gates, Shivonne M. and Christian Idbury 2019   Standard Language Ideology and the Non-Standard Adolescent Speaker. Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics: Diversifying a Discipline (ed. C. Wright, L. Harvey, and J. Simpson), White Rose University Press, York, UK, pp. 109-125.   Green, Jonathon 2015   The Vulgar Tongue: Green’s History of Slang. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.   Holmes, Janet and Nick Wilson 2017   An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Fifth Edition). Routledge, Abingdon, UK.   Kipfer, Barbara Ann (ed.) 2008   American Slang (Fourth Edition). HarperCollins, New York, NY.   Mathews, Sr., Michael R. 2025   Slang Through the Ages. Michael R. Mathews, Sr. (self-published), January 9, 2025.   McPhee, M. C. 1927   College Slang. American Speech, Dec., 1927, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Dec., 1927), pp. 131-133.   McRae, Rick 2001   ‘What Is Hip?’ and Other Inquiries in Jazz Slang Lexicography. Notes, Mar., 2001, Second Series, Vol. 57, No. 3 (Mar., 2001), pp. 574-584.   Morin, Amy 2025   Parents, Here’s the 2025 Teen Slang You Need to Know. Parents, January 9, 2025, www.parents.com/teen-slang-dictionary-for-parents-8547711.   Puchner, Martin 2020   The Language of Thieves. W. W. Norton & Company, New York, NY.   Rizzler, Ohio 2024   Brainrot: The Gen-A Slang Lexicon. Elevated Publishing, Coppell, TX.   Rodrigues, Isabelle and Ted Neather 2007   Streetwise French: Speak and Understand Everyday French. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Sullivan, Joseph M 1921   Criminal Slang. The Virginia Law Review, May, 1921, New Series, Vol. 7, No. 1 (May, 1921), pp. 9-17.   Tanner, Jeremy 2024   The 10 Most Searched for Slang Words of 2024. MSN.com, November 3, 2024, www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/see-the-10-most-searched-for-slang-words-of-2024/ar-AA1tqIvC.   Thrush, Catherine 2015   A New Look at Old Words: Street Slang from the 1600s to 1800s. Urban Realms, urbanrealms.com.   Whitman, Walt 1885   Slang in America. The North American Review, Nov., 1885, Vol. 141, No. 348 (Nov., 1885), pp. 431-435.      

Forget Bladerunner, I Robot, and The Jetsons! In this episode, The Two Humanoids discuss the truth about the coming AI-human merger. You’re going to need a full battery pack for this one! Episode 72: One Singularity Sensation Every Exponential Step It Takes An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011   Resources:   Attenborough, Richard (Director) 1985   A Chorus Line [Film]. Embassy Films, PolyGram Pictures, and A Feuer and Martin Production.   Capek, Karel 1920   R.U.R. Rossum’s Universal Robots. Directed by Brandi Douglas, October 23, 2021, The Majestic Theatre, Corvallis, OR, Facebook Livestream.   Etzioni, Amitai and Oren Etzioni 2017   Should Artificial Intelligence Be Regulated? Issues in Science and Technology, Summer 2017, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Summer 2017), pp. 32-36.   Heilpern, John 2006   A Masterpiece Revived: One Singular Sensation? Observer, October 16, 2006, observer.com/2006/10/a-masterpiece-revived-one-singular-sensation-2/.   Kurzweil, Ray 2005   The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. Penguin Books, New York, NY. 2024   The Singularity Is Nearer: When We Merge with AI. Viking, New York, NY.   Levy, David 2007   Love and Sex with Robots: The Evolution of Human-Robot Relationships. HarperCollins e-books, New York, NY.   Moran, Michael 2007   Rossum’s Universal Robots: Not the Machines. Journal of Endourology, December 2007, Volume 21, Number 12, pp. 1399-1402, www.endourology.org /images/endourology-history-articles/Rossums-Universal-Robots-Not-the-Machines.pdf.   Rouhiainen, Lasse 2024   ChatGPT: 101 Things You Must Know Today about ChatGPT and Generative AI. Lasse Rouhiainen (Self-Published).   Shanahan, Murray 2015   The Technological Singularity. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.   Steinberg, Avi 2023   The Science of Cartooning. Steinberg Draws Cartoons (website), April 28, 2023, steinbergdrawscartoons.substack.com/p/the-science-of-cartooning.   Thompson, Tok 2019   Ghost Stories from the Uncanny Valley. Western Folklore, Winter 2019, Vol. 78, No. 1 (Winter 2019), pp. 39-66.   Tuck, Jay 2019   Mankind’s Greatest Challenge: Artificial Intelligence. The Antioch Review, Vol. 77, No. 3 (Summer 2019), pp. 447-456.   Wheeler, J. Craig 2024   The Path to Singularity: How Technology Will Challenge the Future of Humanity. Prometheus Books, Essex, CT.    

Calling all sherd nerds and pot-heads! The Two Humans get their hands dirty as they look at the history and significance of prehistoric pottery! Episode 71 – Totally Potted: A Crash Course in Prehistoric Pottery An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011   Resources:   Associated Press 2012 Ancient Chinese Pottery Confirmed as the Oldest Yet Found. The Guardian, June 28, 2012, www.theguardian.com/science/2012/jun/28/ancient-chinese-pottery-oldest-yet.   Booker, Margaret Moore 2013 Southwest Art Defined: An Illustrated Guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ.    Childs, Craig 2010 Finders Keepers: A Tale of Archaeological Plunder and Obsession. Little, Brown and Company, New York, NY.   Cordell, Linda 2009 Archaeology of the Southwest (Second Edition). Left Coast Press, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA.    Crown, Patricia 2007 Life Histories of Pots and Potters: Situating the Individual in Archaeology. American Antiquity, Oct., 2007, Vol. 72, No. 4 (Oct., 2007), pp. 677-690.    Davis, Liam 2023 Greek Pottery—The History of Ancient Greek Vase Designs. Artfilemagazine.com, July 31, 2023, artfilemagazine.com/greek-pottery/.   Encyclopedia Britannica 2024 Greek Pottery. Encyclopedia Britannica (website), accessed January 6, 2025, www.britannica.com/art/Greek-pottery. Glueck, Grace 2006 Museum of American Indian’s ‘Born of Clay’ Explores Culture through Ceramics. The New York Times, July 1, 2006, www.nytimes.com/2006/07/01/arts/design/ 01clay.html   Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore 2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, Abingdon, UK.   Harmon, Karris 2024 Man Ordered to Rebury History after Unearthing Spanish Artifact at Fort Pickens. WEAR News 3, April 16, 2024, weartv.com/news/local/man-ordered-to-rebury-history-after-unearthing-spanish-artifact-at-fort-pickens.   Harrington, Spencer P. M. 1991 The Looting of Arkansas. Archaeology, May/June 1991, Vol. 44, No. 3 (May/June 1991), pp. 22-30.    Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Mattison, Steve 2003 The Complete Potter. Barron’s Educational Series, Hauppauge, NY.   Orton, Clive, Paul Tyers, and Alan Vince 1993 Pottery in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.   Patel, Samir S. 2009 Drugs, Guns, and Dirt. Archaeology, March/April 2009, Vol. 62, No. 2 (March/April 2009), pp. 45-47.    Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn 2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.   Rice, Prudence M. 1987 Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.   Sinopoli, Carla M. 1991 Approaches to Archaeological Ceramics. Plenum Press, New York, NY.   Stokstad, Marilyn 1995 Art History (Volume One). Prentice Hall, Inc. and Harry, N. Abrams, Inc. New York, NY.   Yin, Tongyun and Zheng Wei 2023 Early to Medieval Chinese Pottery. Weldon Owen, San Rafael, CA.

Oh, waiter! The Two Humans reserve a table for two as they discuss the history of dining out and restaurants. Check, please! Episode 70 – Dining Out: A Hungry Human’s History of Restaurants An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:   Broomfield, Andrea 2022   Iconic Restaurants of Kansas City. American Palate, Charleston, SC.   Chicago Waffles 2024   Why Dining Out Makes People Happier. Chicago Waffles (website) (accessed December 21, 2024), www.chicagowaffles.com/dining-out-west-loop-chicago-2/.   Cooke, Michael 2024   How Real Are the Depictions of Popular Restaurant Movies and TV Shows. Eat Out (website), March 20, 2024, www.eatout.co.za/article/real-depictions-popular-restaurant-movies-tv-shows/.   Dusselier, Jane 2009   Understandings of Food as Culture. Environmental History, April 2009, Vol. 14, No. 2 (April 2009), pp. 331-338.   Fields, Roger 2014   Restaurant Success by the Numbers: A Money-Man’s Guide to Opening the Next New Hot Spot (Second Edition), Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, CA.   Freedman, Paul 2012   Women in Restaurants in the Nineteenth-Century United States. Journal of Social History, Fall 2014, Vol. 48, No. 1 (Fall 2014), pp. 1-19.   Fremont, Maggie 2024   Restaurant Shows Ranked by Stressfulness. Vulture (website), June 27, 2024, www.vulture.com/article/stressful-restaurant-shows-ranked.html.   Fried, Stephen 2010   Appetite for America: How Visionary Businessman Fred Harvey Built a Railroad Hospitality Empire that Civilized the Wild West. Bantam Books, New York, NY.   Lobel, Cindy 2010   “Out to Eat”: The Emergence and Evolution of the Restaurant in Nineteenth-Century New York City. Winterthur Portfolio, Vol. 44, No. 2/3 (Summer/Autumn 2010), pp. 193-220.   Masin, Kim 2024   Restaurant Insider Stories: Squashing the Myth of Myths of Owning a Restaurant – Life in the Hospitality Industry. Self-Published (Kindle Edition).   Matyszak, Philip 2007   Rome on 5 Denarii a Day. Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.   Nybakken, Oscar E. 1946   The Moral Basis of Hospitium Privatum. The Classical Journal, Mar., 1946, No. 6, (Mar., 1946), pp. 248-253.   Poling-Kempes, Lesley 1991   The Harvey Girls: Women Who Opened the West. Marlowe & Company, New York, NY.   Sasson, Remez 2024   Why People Love to Eat Out in Restaurants. Success Consciousness (website) (accessed December 21, 2024), www.successconsciousness. com/blog/happiness-fun/why-people-love-to-eat-out-in-restaurants/.   Sitwell, William 2020   The Restaurant: A 2,000-Year History of Dining Out. Diversion Books, New York, NY.   Young, Courtney 2023   10 Restaurant Shows That Will Have You Shouting ‘Yes, Chef!’ from the Rafters. Cosmopolitan, June 5, 2023, www.cosmopolitan.com/ entertainment/ tv/a44079555/restaurant-shows/.

The Two Humans try to remember exactly what it was they were going to say about memory. Episode 69: Oh, Yes, I Remember It Well (I Think) An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:   Cicero 90BC  Rhetorica ad Herennium. Kindle Edition.   Cleveland Clinic 2024   Alzheimer’s Disease. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed December 1, 2024, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9164-alzheimers-disease. 2024   Amygdala. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed December 15, 2024, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/24894-amygdala. 2024   Hippocampus. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed December 15, 2024, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/hippocampus. 2024   Temporal Lobe. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed December 15, 2024, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/16799-temporal-lobe.   Dattner, Alicia 2017   6 Tricks to Saving Face When You Forget Your Lines on Stage. Creative Heart Coaching (website), November 12, 2017, www.creativeheartcoaching. com/2017/11/6-tricks-to-save-face-when-you-forget-your-lines/   Ducharme, Jamie 2018   Why You Forget Names Immediately—And How to Remember Them. Time, July 26, 2018, time.com/5348486/why-do-you-forget-names/.   Foer, Joshua 2011   Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything. Penguin Books, New York, NY.   Hampton, Rachelle 2018   New Study Shows How Even Innocently Forgetting Names and Personal Details Can Harm Relationships. Slate, October 16, 2018, slate.com/human-interest/2018/10/forgetting-names-friendship-harm-study.html.   Johns Hopkins Medicine 2024   Memory Lapse or Dementia? 5 Clues to Help Tell the Difference. Johns Hopkins Medicine (website), accessed November 30, 2024, www.hopkinsmedicine.org/ health/wellness-and-prevention/memory-lapse-or-dementia-5-clues-to-help-tell-the-difference.   Harvard Health Publishing/Harvard Medical School 2021   Forgetfulness—7 Types of Normal Memory Problems. Harvard Health Publishing/Harvard Medical School (website), February 12, 2021, www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/forgetfulness-7-types-of-normal-memory-problems.   Kristiansen, Nina 2022   This Is Why We Forget Names (trans. Alette Bjordal Gjellesvik). ScienceNorway.no, November 5, 2022, www.sciencenorway.no/memory-psychology/this-is-why-we-forget-names/2102651.   Kumfor, Fiona and Stephanie Wong 2016   Why Do We Forget Our Family Members’ and Close Friends’ Names? ABC News, May 27, 2016, www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-28/why-we-forget-family-members-names/7455844.   Linden, David J. 2007   The Accidental Mind. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.   Martinez, Michael E 2010   Human Memory: The Basics. The Phi Delta Kappan, May 2010, Vol. 91, No. 8 (May 2010), pp. 62-65.   Murray, Elisabeth A., Stephen P. Wise, Mary K. L. Baldwin, and Kim S. Graham 2020   The Evolutionary Road to Memory. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.   Phillips, Carmichael 2024   What Happens If An Actor Can’t Remember Their Lines? Acting Magazine (website), accessed November 20, 2024, actingmagazine.com/2023/10/what-happens-if-an-actor-cant-remember-their-lines/.   Squire, Larry R. and John T. Wixted 2015   Remembering. Daedalus, Vol. 44, No. 1, What is the Brain Good For? (Winter 2015), pp. 53-66.   Sutton, John, Celia B. Harris, and Amanda J. Barnier 2010   Memory and Cognition. Memory: Histories, Theories, Debates (ed. Susannah Radstone and Bill Schwarz), Fordham University Press, New York, NY.

The Two Humans take a long, unblinking look at rubbernecking to figure out just what the hell is going on over there! Episode 68: A Rubbernecker’s Guide to the Universe, OR, I’m Not Staring at You, I’m Staring with You An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:   Cherry, Kendra 2023   What Is the Negativity Bias?. Very Well Mind, November 13, 2023, www.verywellmind.com/negative-bias-4589618.   Finnernan, Kevin 2017   No Time for Rubbernecking. Issues in Science and Technology, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Summer 2017), pp. 19-20.   Fiske, Susan T. 2011   Envy Up, Scorn Down: How Status Divides Us. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, NY.   Keegan, Jon 2023   Forget Milk and Eggs: Supermarkets Are Having a Fire Sale on Data about You. The Markup, February 16, 2023, themarkup.org/privacy/2023/02/16/forget-milk-and-eggs-supermarkets-are-having-a-fire-sale-on-data-about-you.   Kisley, Michael A., Stacey Wood and Christina Burrows 2007   Looking at the Sunny Side of Life: Age-Related Change in an Event-Related Potential of the Negativity Bias. Psychological Science, Sep., 2007, Vol. 18, No. 9 (Sep., 2007), pp. 838-843.   Murphy, Jeffrie G. 2003   Getting Even: Forgiveness and Its Limits. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.   Page, Danielle 2017   The Science Behind Why We Can’t Look Away from Tragedy. Euronews, September 28, 2017, www.euronews.com/2017/11/07/the-science-behind-why-we-cant-look-away-from-tragedy.   Rolling Stone 2024   25 Most Influential Creators of 2024. Rolling Stone, August 26, 2024, www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-lists/top-social-media-influencers-creators-2024-1235084589/.   Smith, Richard H. 2013   The Joy of Pain: Schadenfreude and the Dark Side of Human Nature. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.   Wilson, Eric G. 2012   Everyone Loves a Good Train Wreck: Why We Can’t Look Away. Sarah Crichton Books, New York, NY.   Yong, Ed 2012   What Are You Looking At? People Follow Each Other’s Gazes, But Without a Tipping Point. National Geographic, April 23, 2012, www.nationalgeographic.com /science/article/what-are-you-looking-at-people-follow-each-others-gazes-but-without-a-tipping-point.   Thornhill, Ted 2012   Why Looking at a Car Crash Can Be Good for Your Mental Health. Daily Mail, February 22, 2012, www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2104754/Why-looking-car-crash-GOOD-mental-health.html.   Vaish, Amrisha, Tobias Grossman, and Amanda Woodward 2008   Not All Emotions Are Created Equal: The Negativity Bias in Social-Emotional Development. Psychological Bulletin, May 2008,134(3): pp. 383-403, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3652533/.   Wilson, Eric 2012   Everyone Loves a Good Train Wreck: Why We Can’t Look Away. Sarah Crichton Books, New York, NY.

The Two Humas celebrate a good ol’ traditional Thanksgiving with platefuls of platitudes and mouthfuls of myths. Episode 67: Giving Thanks for Thanksgiving, OR, Gratitude Is More Than a Platitude An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011   Resources:   Asia Society 2024   Chuseok: Korean Thanksgiving Day. Asia Society (website), accessed November 19, 2024, asiasociety.org/korea/chuseok-korean-thanksgiving-day.   Baker, James W. 2009   Thanksgiving: The Biography of an American Holiday. University of New Hampshire Press, Hanover, NH.   Barbados.org 2024   Barbados Crop Over Festival. Barbados.org (website), accessed November 19, 2024, barbados.org/cropover.htm.   BBC News 2023   Harvest Festival 2023: What Is It? And Are You Doing Anything to Celebrate It? BBC News Newsround(website), October 9, 2023, www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/ 58813475.amp.         Braga, Brunno 2021   Did You Know? Liberia Celebrates Thanksgiving Day Like This? Travel Noire, November 23, 2021, travelnoire.com/liberia-thanksgiving-day.   Collins Dictionary 2024   Platitudes. Collins Dictionary (website), www.collinsdictionary.com/ dictionary/english-word/platitude.   Cheney, Glenn Alan 2013   Thanksgiving: The Pilgrims’ First Year in America. New London Librarium, Hanover, CT.   Dictionary.com 2024   Platitude. Dictionary.com (website), www.dictionary.com/browse/platitude.   Ebohon, Esohe 2024   Why You Must Visit Barbados During Crop Over Celebrations (You Might Even Spot Rihanna in the Parade). Glamour, November 16, 2024, www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/barbados-crop-over-guide.   Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica 2024   John McCrae. Britannica, www.britannica.com/biography/John-McCrae.   Elliott, Eloise 2024   Thanksgiving around the World. Time and Date (website), November 14, 2024, www.timeanddate.com/news/calendar/global-thanksgiving.   Ewbank, Anne 2018   Why One Australian Island Celebrates Thanksgiving. Atlas Obscura, November 21, 2018, www.atlasobscura.com/articles/norfolk-island-thanksgiving.   Fable, Noah 2024   The Legacy of Thanksgiving. Noah Fable, Coppell, TX.   Government of Canada 2024   10 Quick Facts on…Remembrance Day. Government of Canada (website), accessed on November 20, 2024, www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/ information-for/educators/quick-facts/remembrance-day.   Hallett, Vicky 2021   Former Slaves Brought Thanksgiving to Liberia—and Rebooted It. NPR, November 24, 2021www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/11/24/ 1057267834/former-slaves-brought-thanksgiving-to-liberia-and-rebooted-it.   Harvard Medical School 2021   Giving Thanks Can Make You Happier. Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School (website), August 14, 2021, www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/ giving-thanks-can-make-you-happier.   Headspace 2021   10 Useless Platitudes to Stop Saying This Year. Headspace (website), www.headspace.com/articles/useless-platitudes.   Ito, Alina Joan 2023   Kinro Kasha no Hi: Japan’s Labor Thanksgiving Day. Tokyo Weekender, November 20, 2023, www.tokyoweekender.com/ art_and_culture/japanese-culture/japan-labor-thanksgiving-day/.   Lewicki, Krys Val 1993   Thanksgiving Day in Canada. Napoleon Publishing, Toronto, Canada.   Lifesure 2024   A Brief History of the Harvest Festival. Lifesure (website), accessed November 19, 2024, www.lifesure.co.uk/a-brief-history-of-the-harvest-festival.   McCrae, John 1915   In Flanders Fields. Poetry Foundation (website), www.poetryfoundation.org/ poems/47380/in-flanders-fields.   Moore, Peter 2021   You’re Welcome: 7 Thanksgiving Festivals around the World. Wanderlust, November 25, 2021, www.wanderlustmagazine.com/inspiration/thanksgiving-festivals-around-the-world/.   Nelson, Owen 2024   Distinct Thanksgiving Traditions: USA vs. Canada. Owen Nelson, Coppell, TX.   Pleck, Elizabeth 1999   The Making of the Domestic Occasion: The History of Thanksgiving in the United States. Journal of Social History, Summer, 1999, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Summer, 1999), pp. 773-789.    Pruitt, Sarah 2021   8 Thanksgiving Celebrations around the World. The Vail Voice, November 3, 2021, www.thevailvoice.com/8-thanksgiving-celebrations-around-the-world/.   Psychology Today Staff 2024   Gratitude. Psychology Today (website), accessed November 19, 2024, www.psychologytoday.com/intl/basics/gratitude.   Sansone, Randy A. and Lori A. Sansone 2010   Gratitude and Well-Being: The Benefits of Appreciation. Psychiatry (Edgmont), November 2010, 7(11), pp. 18-22, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3010965/.   Schultz, Colin 2012   They Celebrate American Thanksgiving in the Netherlands. Smithsonian Magazine, November 21, 2012, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/they-celebrate-american-thanksgiving-in-the-netherlands-140671441/.   The German Way & More 2024   Erntedank: Thanksgiving in Germany. The German Way & More (website), accessed November 19, 2024, www.german-way.com/history-and-culture/holidays-and-celebrations/thanksgiving-in-germany/.   Travel Channel 2024   Giving Thanks around the World. Travel Channel (website), accessed November 19, 2024, www.travelchannel.com/interests/holidays/photos/giving-thanks-around-the-world.   VisitGhana.com 2024   Homowo Festival. VisitGhana.com (website), accessed November 19, 2024, visitghana.com/attractions/homowo-festival/.   Wills, Anne Blue 2003   Pilgrims and Progress: How Magazines Made Thanksgiving. Church History, Mar., 2003, Vol. 72, No. 1 (Mar., 2003), pp. 138-158.   Wong, Maggie Hiafu 2024   Mid-Autumn Festival: Mooncakes, Lanterns, and So Much More. CNN.com (website), September 16, 2024, www.cnn.com/travel/mid-autumn-moon-festival-traditions/index.html.  

Kaching!! The Two Humans discuss whether money can buy happiness—and if yes, how much do you want for it? Episode 66: Money Can’t Buy Happiness, But It Sure Buys a Lot of “Meh” An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:    Baum, L. Frank 1900   The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Sea Wolf Press, Orinda, CA.   Berger, Michele W. 2023   Does More Money Correlate with Greater Happiness? Penn Today, March 6, 2023, penntoday.upenn.edu/news/does-more-money-correlate-greater-happiness-Penn-Princeton-research.   Christie, Agatha 1966   Third Girl. William Morrow, New York, NY.   Congress, July 4, 1776 1776   Declaration of Independence: A Transcription. The National Archives (website), www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript.   Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta 2012   Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective (Ninth Edition). Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Goldstein, Jacob 2020   Money: The True Story of a Made-Up Thing. Hachette Books, New York, NY.   Gonzales, Josh 2024   Does the Pursuit of Happiness Lead to a Better Life? Psychology Today, October 30, 2024, www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/points-on-the-board/202410/does-the-pursuit-of-happiness-lead-to-a-better-life.   Gronow, Jukka 2020   Deciphering Markets and Money: A Sociological Analysis of Economic Institutions. Helsinki University Press, Helsinki, Finland.   Holy Bible 1978   Holy Bible. Catholic Publishers, Inc. New York, NY.   Kottak, Conrad Phillip 2011   Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity (Fourteenth Edition). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Lee, Dwight R. 2006   Who Says Money Can’t Buy Happiness? The Independent Review, Winter 2006, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Winter 2006), pp. 385-400.   Mogilner, Cassie 2010   The Pursuit of Happiness: Time, Money, and Social Connection. Psychological Science, September 2010, Vol. 21, No. 9 (September 2010), pp. 1348-1354.   Priester, Joseph R. and Richard E. Petty 2011   The Pot-Holed Path to Happiness, Possibly Paved with Money: A Research Dialogue. Journal of Consumer Psychology, April 2011, Vol. 21, No. 2 (April 2011), pp. 113-114.   Rockoff, Hugh 1990   The “Wizard of Oz” as a Monetary Allegory. Journal of Political Economy, Aug., 1990, Vol. 98, No. 4 (Aug., 1990), pp. 739-760.    Sahlins, Marshall 1972   Stone Age Economics. Aldine de Gruyter, New York, NY.   Salam, Erum 2024   Money Can Buy You Happiness, Says Study Suggesting More Is More. The Guardian, July 18, 2024, www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/18/money-buys-happiness-study.     Weatherford, Jack 1997   The History of Money. Three Rivers Press, New York, NY.  

Get ready to get creeped out as The Two Humans turn off the lights, pull the covers over their heads, and discuss why humans tell ghost stories. Episode 65: Boo Who and Boo Why? What Ghost Stories Do for Us An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:  Bailey, Dale 1999   American Nightmares: The Haunted House Formula in American Popular Fiction. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI.   Bannatyne, Lesley 2017   When Halloween Was All Tricks and No Treats. Smithsonian Magazine, October 27, 2017,www.smithsonianmag.com/history/when-halloween-was-all-tricks-no-treats-180966996/.   Best, James and Gerald T. Horiuchi 1985   The Razor Blade in the Apple: The Social Construction of Urban Legends. Social Problems, Jun., 1985, Vol. 32, No. 5 (Jun., 1985), pp. 488-499.   Blakemore, Erin 2023   How Americans Became Convinced Their Halloween Candy Was Poistoned. History, October 31, 2023, www.history.com/news/how-americans-became-convinced-their-halloween-candy-was-poisoned.   Davies, Owen 2007   The Haunted: A Social History of Ghosts. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, NY.   Dickey, Colin 2016   Ghostland: An American History in Haunted Places. Viking, New York, NY.   Finkel, Irving 2021   The First Ghosts. Hodder & Stoughton, London, UK.   Freud, Sigmund 1919   The “Uncanny” (trans. Alix Strachey). Imago, Bd. V., 1919, accessed from web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/freud1.pdf.   Goldstein, Diane E., Sylvia Ann Grider and Jeannie Banks Thomas 2007   Gender and Ghosts (chapter by Jeannie Banks Thomas). Haunting Experiences: Ghosts in Contemporary Folklore. Utah State University Press, Logan, UT. 2007   Haunted Houses (chapter by Sylvia Ann Grider). Haunting Experiences: Ghosts in Contemporary Folklore. Utah State University Press, Logan, UT. 2007   The Usefulness of Ghost Stories (chapter by Jeannie Banks Thomas). Haunting Experiences: Ghosts in Contemporary Folklore. Utah State University Press, Logan, UT.   Herrmann, Andrew F. 2014   Ghosts, Vampires, Zombies, and US: The Undead as Autoethnographic Bridges. International Review of Qualitative Research, Vol. 7, No. 3, Special Issue: The Bridge Building Power of Autoethnography (Fall 2014), pp. 327-341.    Lowe, Jaime 2017   How to Tell a Ghost Story. The New Yorker, February 12, 2017.     Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. 2007   Ghosts: A History of Phantoms, Ghouls & Other Spirits of the Dead. Tempus Publishing, Stroud, UK.   Nix, Elizabeth 2023   The Haunted History of Halloween Candy. History, October 3, 2023, www.history.com/news/the-haunted-history-of-halloween-candy.   Owens, Susan 2017   The Ghost: A Cultural History. Tate Publishing, Millbank, UK.   Ponti, Crystal 2022   The Haunting Legacy of Ronald Clark O’Bryan, The Man Who Killed Halloween. A&E True Crime Blog: Stories and News, October 27, 2022, www.aetv.com/real-crime/the-man-who-killed-halloween.   Sheidlower, Noah and Radhika Marya 2021   Halloween Traditions Go Way Back—and Didn’t Always Involve Candy. CNN, October 31, 2021, www.cnn.com/2021/10/31/us/halloween-food-candy-history-apple-peels-cec/index.   Storr, Will 2006   Will Storr vs. The Supernatural. Harper, New York, NY.   Thompson, Tok 2019   Ghost Stories from the Uncanny Valley. Western Folklore, Winter 2019, Vol. 78, No. 1 (Winter 2019), pp. 39-66.    

The Two Humans “wing it” with improv master Susan Messing as they discuss why improvisation makes humans unique. Episode 64: Look, Ma, No Plans! What Improv Can Teach Us about Being Human An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:    Asma, Stephen T. 2017   The Evolution of Imagination. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.   Collins, Christopher 2013   Paleopoetics: The Evolution of the Preliterate Imagination. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.   DePasquale, Diana and Melinda M. Lewis 2012   Yes…And, Here We Are Twenty Years Later: Del Close and the Influence of Long Form Improvisation on Contemporary American Comedy. Studies in American Humor, 2012, New Series 3, No. 25 (2012), pp. 59-76.   De Waal, Frans 1982   Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex among Apes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.   Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta 2012   Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Fuentes, Agustin 2017   The Creative Spark: How Imagination Made Humans Exceptional. Dutton, New York, NY.   Halpern, Charna, Del Close, and Kim “Howard” Johnson 1994   Truth in Comedy: The Manual of Improvisation. Meriwether Publishing, Denver, CO.   Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2011   Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Improv Cincinnati 2022   Master Class with Susan Messing. Improv Cincinnati (website), www.improvcincinnati.com/supercharge/master-class-with-susan-messing#.   Johnstone, Keith 1982   Impro: Improvisation and the Theater. Routledge, New York, NY.   Landau, Andrew T. and Charles J. Limb 2017   The Neuroscience of Improvisation. Music Educators Journal, Vol. 103, No. 3 (March 2017), pp. 27-33.     Mithen, Steven 2001   The Evolution of Imagination: An Archaeological Perspective. Substance, 2001, Vol. 30, No. 1/2, Issue 94/95: Special Issue: On the Origin of Fictions: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (2001), pp. 28-54.   Spolin, Viola 1999   Improvisation for the Theater (Third Edition). Northwestern University Press, Evanston, IL.   Storr, Will 2006   Will Storr Vs. The Supernatural. Harper, New York, NY.   Wagner, Andreas 2019   Life Finds a Way: What Evolution Teaches Us about Creativity. Basic Books, New York, NY.

The Two Humans put on their bathing caps and dive into the topic of water. Don’t forget to bring a towel! Episode 63:  I Want My Wa Wa! Why We Need Water An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:    Anguiano, Dani 2021   Lake Mead’s Receding Waters Revealed Long-Lost Bodies. But Who Are They? The Guardian. December 31, 2022, www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/ dec/31/lake-mead-human-remains-identification-climate-crisis.   Avalon, Annwyn 2021   The Way of the Water Priestess: Entering the World of Water Magic. Weiser Books, Newburyport, MA.   BlueTriton Brands 2024   Nestle’ Waters North America Becomes BlueTriton. BlueTriton, (website), www.bluetriton.com/news/becoming-bluetriton.   BBC News 2015   Tom Selleck ‘Stole Water for Ranch. BBC News, July 9, 2015, www.bbc.com/ news/world-us-canada-33455746.   Cleveland Clinic 2024   How Much Water You Should Drink Every Day. Cleveland Clinic (website), April 16, 2024, health.clevelandclinic.org/how-much-water-do-you-need-daily.   Covarrubias, Amanda, Matt Hamilton, and Sarah Parvini 2015   Did ‘Magnum P.I.’ Star Tom Selleck Steal Truckloads of Hydrant Water? A Real P.I. Was on Case. The Los Angeles Times, July 8, 2015, www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-tom-selleck-water-complaint-20150707-story.html.   Davidson, Alan 2002   The Penguin Companion to Food. Penguin Books, New York, NY.     Doering, Christopher 2021   Nestle’s North American Bottled Water Business Renamed BlueTriton Brands after $4.3B Sale. Food Dive, www.fooddive.com/news/nestle-sells-north-american-bottled-water-business-for-43b/595202/.   Fagan, Brian 2011   Elixir: A History of Water and Humankind. Bloomsbury Press, New York, NY.   Felton, Gayle Carlton 1997   By Water and the Spirit: Making Connections for Identity and Ministry. Discipleship Resources, Nashville, TN.   Grady, Caitlin A. and Tamim Younos 2012   Bottled Water: Panacea or a Plague? Water Resources IMPACT, Vol. 14, No. 6, Water and Food (November 2012), pp. 15-17.   Hoffman, Steve 2009   Planet Water: Investing in the World’s Most Valuable Resource. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.     Horgan, Paul 2015   Great River: The Rio Grande in North American History. Rinehart & Company, New York, NY.   James, Ian 2024   Forest Service Orders Arrowhead Bottled Water Company to Shut Down California Pipeline. The Los Angeles Times, August 7, 2024, www.latimes.com/ environment/story/2024-08-07/arrowhead-bottled-water-permit.     Johnson, Alex and Andrew Blankstein 1954   Lawsuit Accuses Tom Selleck of Stealing Water, but Cops Come Up Dry. NBC News, July 8, 2015, www.nbcnews.com/storyline/california-drought/no-crime-found-after-suit-accuses-tom-selleck-stealing-water-n388866.   Johnson, Jon 2024   How Long Can You Live Without Water? Medical News Today, July 9. 2024, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325174.   King, Jordan 2024   Arrowhead Bottled Water Company Ordered to ‘Cease’ Using Mountains. Newsweek, August 9, 2024, www.newsweek.com/arrowhead-bottled-water-bluetriton-brands-san-bernardino-national-forest-1937106.   McAnally, Elizabeth 2019   Loving Water across Religions: Contributions to an Integral Water Ethic. Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY.   Mubashar, Laiba 2023   Is God a Weatherman? A Look at Rain-Making Rituals and Prayers. EuroNews, March 4, 2023, www.euronews.com/culture/2023/04/03/is-god-a-weatherman-a-look-at-rain-making-rituals-and-prayers.   Outwater, Alice 1996   Water: A Natural History. Basic Books, New York, NY.   Perkins, Tom 2019   The Fight to Stop Nestle’ from Taking America’s Water to Sell in Plastic Bottles. The Guardian, October 29, 2019, www.theguardian.com/ environment/ 2019/oct/29/the-fight-over-water-how-nestle-dries-up-us-creeks-to-sell-water-in-plastic-bottles.   Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn 2008   Archeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.   Rodriguez, Sylvia 2006   Acequia: Water Sharing, Sanctity, and Place. A School for Advanced Research Resident Scholar Book, Santa Fe, NM.   Saif, Shuvro 2023   Rain-Calling Rituals around the World. The Financial Express, April 18, 2023, thefinancialexpress.com.bd/lifestyle/culture/rain-calling-rituals-around-the-world.   Saltzman, Sammy 2009   Jennifer Strange’s Family Awarded $16.5 Million in “Wee for Wii” Contest Death. CBS News, October 30, 2009, www.cbsnews.com/news/jennifer-stranges-family-awarded-165-million-in-wee-for-wii-contest-death/.   Singh, Maanvi 2024   ‘Water Is More Valuable Than Oil’: The Corporation Cashing in on America’s Drought. The Guardian, April 16, 2024, www.theguardian.com/environment/ 2024/apr/16/arizona-colorado-river-water-rights-drought.   Solomon, Steven 2010   Water: The Epic Struggle for Wealth, Power, and Civilization. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY.   Statista 2020   Per Capita Consumption of Bottled Water Worldwide in 2020, by Leading Counties (in Gallons). Statista(website), www.statista.com/statistics/ 183388/per-capita-consumption-of-bottled-water-worldwide-in-2009/.     Tappwater 2023   Top 30 Bottled Water Statistics, Facts, Trends and Insights. Tappwater (website), July 5, 2023, tappwater.co/blogs/blog/bottled-water-statistics-facts-trends-insights.   Taylor, Derrick Bryson 2022   Europe’s Shrinking Waterways Reveal Treasures, and Experts Are Worried. The New York Times, September 22, 2022, www.nytimes.com/2022/09/22/world/ europe/europe-rivers-reservoirs-drought.html.   Theiler, Henry 2016   Holy Water and Its Significance for Catholics (originally published 1909). Sophia Institute Press, Manchester, NH.   The United Nations Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2024   World Population Prospects 2024: Summary of Results (UN DESA/POP/2024/TR/NO. 9).   Walski, Thomas M. 2006   A History of Water Distribution. Journal (American Water Works Association), March 2006, Vol. 98, No. 3, 125th Anniversary of the American Water Works Association: Standing the Test of Time (March 2006), pp. 110-116, 118, 120-121.   Water Education Foundation 2024   Los Angeles Aqueduct and Owens Valley. Water Education Foundation (website), www.watereducation.org/aquapedia/los-angeles-aqueduct-and-owens-valley.   Witzel, Michael 2015   Water in Mythology. Daedalus, Vol. 144, No. 3 (Summer 2015), pp. 18-26.

Yee-haw!! The Two Humans saddle up and go in search of the American cowboy in legend and reality! Episode 62: Yippee Ki Yay! Cowboys and Westerns in American Culture An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011   Resources:   Beard, Tyler 1992   The Cowboy Boot Book. Peregrine Smith Books, Salt Lake City, UT.   Butler, Anne M. 1987   Daughters of Joy, Sisters of Misery: Prostitutes in the American West. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL.   Cawelti, John G. 1974   Savagery, Civilization and the Western Hero. Focus on the Western (ed. Jack Nachbar), Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 57-63.   Drillinger, Meagan and Olivia Monahan 2023   50 Best Western TV Shows of All Time. Stacker, July 2, 2023, stacker.com/tv/50-best-western-tv-shows-all-time.   Etulain, Richard W. 1974   Cultural Origins of the Western. Focus on the Western (ed. Jack Nachbar), Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 19-24.   Fishwick, Marshall W. 1952   The Cowboy: America’s Contribution to the World’s Mythology. Western Folklore, Apr., 1952, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Apr., 1952), pp. 77-92.   Folsom, James K. 1967   ‘Western’ Themes and Western Films. Western American Literature, Fall 1967, Vol. 2, No. 3 (Fall 1967), pp. 195-203.   Forbis, William H. 1973   The Old West: The Cowboys. Time-Life Books, Alexandria, VA.   Frayling, Christopher 1981   Spaghetti Westerns: Cowboys and Westerns from Karl May to Sergio Leone. Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd. London, UK.   Kitses, Jim 1974   The Western: Ideology and Archetype. Focus on the Western (ed. Jack Nachbar), Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 64-72.   McLoughlin, Denis 1975   Wild and Woolly: An Encyclopedia of the Old West. Writers House, Inc. (Barnes & Noble Books), New York, NY.   McReynolds, Douglas J. 1998   Alive and Well: Western Myth in Western Movies. Literature/Film Quarterly, 1998, Vol. 26, No. 1 (1998), pp. 46-52.   Nachbar, Jack 1974   Introduction. Focus on the Western (ed. Jack Nachbar), Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 1-8.   Paul, Heike 2014   The Myths That Made America: An Introduction to American Studies.  [Transcript] Publishing, Bielefeld, Germany.   Rutter, Michael 2005   Upstairs Girls: Prostitution in the American West. Farcountry Press, Helena, MT.   Stoeltje, Beverly J. 2012   Paredes and the Hero: The North American Cowboy Revisited. The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 125, No. 495 (Winter 2012), pp. 45-68.   Turner, Frederick Jackson 1893   The Significance of the Frontier in American History. In The Frontier in American History (edited by Frederick Jackson Turner, published in 1921), Henry Holt and Company, New York.  

The Two Humans never mind the gap as they leap headfirst into generational conflicts. Episode 61: People Try to Put Us Down (Talkin’ About EVERY Generation) An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources:   Curtis-Horsfall, Thomas 2023   ‘My Generation’ by The Who: The Making of the Ageless Anthem for Rebellious Youth. Gold: The Greatest Hits of All Time, August 3, 2023, www.goldradiouk. com/features/song-facts/my-generation-who-lyrics-meaning/.   Duvall, Evelyn M. 1969   Teen-Agers and the Generation Gap. The Family Coordinator, Jul., 1969, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Jul., 1969), pp. 284-286.   Edmunds, June and Bryan S. Turner 2002   Generations, Culture, and Society. Open University Press, Buckingham, UK.   Eisenstadt, S. N. 1956   From Generation to Generation: Age Groups and Social Structure. The Free Press, New York, NY.   Feirstein, Bruce 2015   From Millennials to Boomers: The Ultimate Generation-Gap Guide. Vanity Fair, October 15, 2015, www.vanityfair.com/culture/2015/10/generation-gap-guide.   Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta 2012   Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Filipovic, Jill 2020   OK Boomer, Let’s Talk: How My Generation Got Left Behind. One Signal Publishers/Atria, New York, NY.   Frey, William H. 2018   Old Versus Young: The Cultural Generation Gap. Pew Trend Magazine, January 26, 2018, www.pewtrusts.org/en/trend/archive/winter-2018/old-versus-young-the-cultural-generation-gap.   Friedenberg, Edgar Z. Peter 1969   The Generation Gap. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Mar., 1969, Vol. 382, Protest in the Sixties (Mar., 1969), pp. 32-42.   Genius.com 2023   ‘My Generation’ Lyrics – The Who. Genius.com (website), genius.com/The-who-my-generation-lyrics.   Hayes, Adam 2024   Generation Gap: What It Is and Why It’s Important to Business. Investopedia, July 16, 2024, www.investopedia.com/terms/g/generation-gap.asp.   Katz, Stephen 2017   Generation X. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, Vol. 41, No. 3, Generation X: From Fiction to Fact, and Still a Mystery (Fall 2017), pp. 12-19. S   Lail, Warren 2010   “Culture.” Classroom lecture at New Mexico Highlands University, September 2010.   Mead, Margaret 1970   Culture and Commitment: A Study of the Generation Gap. Natural History Press/Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, NY.     Moore, Nathan 2023   ‘Don’t Trust Anyone over the Age of 30’: Youth Empowerment and Community Archives. FreedomArchives.org (website), www.freedomarchives.org/ Documents/ Finder/FreedomArchives.DontTrustAnyoneOver30.article.pdf.   Niazi, Amil 2024   ‘Will I Ever Retire?: Millennials Wonder What’s on the Other Side of Middle-Age. The Guardian, June 18, 2024, www.theguardian.com/wellness/article/2024/ jun/18/ millennials-midlife-crisis.   Strauss, William and Neil Howe 1991   Generations: The History of America’s Future, 1584 to 2069. Harper Perennial, New York, NY.   Twenge, Jean M. 2023   Generations: The Real Differences Between Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, Boomers, and Silents and What They Mean for America’s Future. Atria Books, New York, NY.  

Ahoy there! The Two Humans take to the seas and celebrate their 60th episode with an authentic British naval dinner from 1805. Episode 60: Episode 60: Hardtack, Spotted Dog, and Suet Pudding: Haute Cuisine on the High Seas An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources:   Benjamin, Daniel K. and Anca Tifrea 2007   Learning by Dying: Combat Performance in the Age of Sail. The Journal of Economic History, Dec., 2007, Vol. 67, No. 4 (Dec., 2007), pp. 968-1000.   Brent, Peter 2014   Hangings, Sinkings and Trust in God: Life and Death Onboard British Warships in the 1700’s and 1800’s. Peter Brent, Coppell, TX.   Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia 2024   Scurvy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, July 25, 2024, www.britannica.com/ science/scurvy.   Crozier, Eric 1951   The British Navy in 1797. Tempo, Autumn, 1951, No. 21 (Autumn, 1951), pp. 9-11.   Gilbert, Arthur N. 1976   Buggery and the British Navy, 1700-1861. Journal of Social History, Autumn, 1976, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Autumn, 1976), pp. 72-98.   Kristof, John J. 1973   The Royal Navy’s Defeat of the French at Sea in the Years 1793 – 1815. Naval War College Review, March-April 1973, Vol. 25, No. 4 (March-April 1973), pp. 41-45.   Macdonald, Janet 2014   Feeding Nelson’s Navy: The True Story of Food at Sea in the Georgian Era. Frontline Books, London, UK. 2014   From Boiled Beef to Chicken Tikka: 500 Years of Feeding the British Army. Frontline Books, London, UK.   Palmer, Ned 2021   A Cheese Monger’s Compendium of British & Irish Cheese. Profile Books, London, UK.   Syrett, David 1979   The Role of the Royal Navy in the Napoleonic Wars after Trafalgar, 1805-1814. Naval War College Review, September-October 1979, Vol. 32, No. 5 (September-October 1979), pp. 71-84.   Tandoh, Ruby 2020   How a Cheese Goes Extinct. The New Yorker, August 2, 2020, www.newyorker. com/culture/annals-of-gastronomy/how-a-cheese-goes-extinct.   Usher, Jr., Roland G. 1951   Royal Navy Impressment During the American Revolution. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Mar., 1951), pp. 673-688.   Wilson, Bee 2019   A Cheesemonger’s History of the British Isles by Ned Palmer Review—A Miraculous Resurgence. The Guardian, October 23, 2019, www.theguardian. com/books/2019/oct/23/cheesemonger-history-british-isles-ned-palmer-review.

The Two Humans pay homage to H. G. Wells and Mr. Peabody and Sherman as they travel back in time to the year 1933. Episode 59: Encyclopedic Time Traveler, 1933 An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Arnold, Mark 2014   Created and Produced by Total Television Productions: The Story of Underdog, Tennessee Tuxedo, and the Rest. BearManor Media, Duncan, OK.   Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia 2016   World Book Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, January 26, 2016, www.britannica.com/topic/The-World-Book-Encyclopedia.    City of Chicago Cultural Affairs and Special Events 2024   Maxwell Street Market. City of Chicago Cultural Affairs and Special Events (website), www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/ maxwellstreetmarket0.html.   Encyclopedia.com 2024   World Book, Inc. Encyclopedia.com, www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/world-book-inc.   Science Museum 2024   The Invention of the Vacuum Cleaner, from Horse-Drawn to High Tech. Science Museum (website), www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/everyday-wonders/invention-vacuum-cleaner.   Scott, Keith 2000   The Moose That Roared: The Story of Jay Ward, Bill Scott, a Flying Squirrel, and a Talking Moose. St. Martin's Publishing Group, New York, NY.   The World Book Encyclopedia 1933   The World Book Encyclopedia. W. F. Quarrie & Company, Chicago, IL.   Wikipedia.com 2024   Maxwell Street. Wikipedia.com, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_Street. 2024   Mr. Peabody. Wikipedia.com, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Peabody.   Wisconsin Historical Society 2024   O’Shea, Michael Vincent, 1866-1932. Wisconsin Historical Society (website), www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS11444.      World Book 2024   World Book. World Book (website), www.worldbook.com/world-book-encyclopedia-2024.aspx.  

The Two Humans stamp their passports and say “bon voyage” as they set off to find the current state of tourism.  Episode 58 – One Man’s Trip Is Another Man’s Fall: Tourism, Over-Tourism and Anti-Tourism An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Auma, Quinter 2024 7 Popular Destinations That Are Limiting Visitors Due to Overtourism. The Travel (website), July 22, 2024, www.thetravel.com/popular-destinations-limiting-visitors-overtourism/.   Beddington, Emma 2024 How Should York Deal with Unruly Tourists? I Have a Few Suggestions for My Hometown. The Guardian, July 21, 2024, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/ article/2024/jul/21/how-should-york-deal-with-unruly-tourists-i-have-a-few-suggestions-for-my-hometown   Cooper, Emily  2024 Now Barcelona Joins Spain’s War on Tourists: Mayor Pledges to Drive AirBnB out of the City within Five Years after Rents Spiralled for Locals. Daily Mail, June 23, 2024, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13561433/Barcelona-AirBnb-city-five-years-locals-effects-mass-tourism-rent.html.   Garcia, Horaci 2024 Thousands Protest in Spain’s Mallorca against Mass Tourism. Reuters, July 21, 2024, www.reuters.com/world/europe/thousands-protest-spains-mallorca-against-mass-tourism-2024-07-21/.   Graburn, Nelson 1989 Tourism: The Sacred Journey. Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Second Edition) (ed. Valene Smith), University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA.    Guy, Jack 2024 Barcelona Anti-Tourism Protesters Fire Water Pistols at Visitors. CNN, July 9, 2024, www.cnn.com/2024/07/08/travel/barcelona-tourism-protests-scli-intl/index.html.   Haupt, Tomas 2024 More European Destinations to Limit the Number of Tourists. Tourism Review News, July 15, 2024, www.tourism-review.com/european-destination-keep-limiting-the-number-of-tourists-news14540.   Jockims, Trevor Laurence 2024 With Daily Entrance Fee ‘Disney-fication’ of Venice, the World Hits Its Overtourism Tipping Point. CNBC, April 28, 2024, www.cnbc.com/amp/ 2024/04/28/in-disney-fication-of-venice-world-hits-its-overtourism-tipping-point.html.   Kokkinidis, Tasos 2024 Greece to Cap Number of Cruise Ships to Cope with Overtourism. Greek Reporter, June 14, 2024, greekreporter.com/2024/06/14/greece-cap-number-cruise-ships-cope-tourism/.   Leasca, Stacey 2024 Italy Takes Aim at Tourists with AirBnB Crackdown and Loudspeaker Bans. BBC, February 6, 2024, www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240205-italy-battles-over-tourism-with-loudspeaker-bans-airbnb-crackdown.   Lenthang, Marlene 2024 Barcelona Protesters Throw Items and Spray Travelers with Water while Shouting ‘Tourists Go Home.’ NBC News, July 9, 2024, www.nbcnews.com/ business/travel/barcelona-protesters-throw-items-spray-travelers-water-shouting-touris-rcna160883.   McClanahan, Paige 2024 The New Tourist: Waking to the Power and Perils of Travel. Scribner, New York, NY. Murphy, Alan 2018 Overtourism and the Solutions. Round Trip Foundation (website), August 10, 2018. roundtripfoundation.org.au/overtourism-and-the-solutions/.   Nault, Ashley 2024 The Impact of Overtourism on Local Communities and Ecosystems. Tourism Review News, July 25, 2024, www.tourism-review.com/negative-impacts-of-overtourism-are-growing-news14558.   Smith, Valene 1989 Introduction. Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Second Edition) (ed. Valene Smith), University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA.    Zuelow, Eric 2016 A History of Modern Tourism. Palgrave, London, UK.  

The Two Humans close their eyes, click their heels, and say, “There’s no place like home” as they look at the history of housing. Episode 57: Home Sweet Home, A Place to Lay My Weary Bones An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Cordell, Linda 2009 Archaeology of the Southwest (Second Edition). Left Coast Press, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA.   De Waal, Frans and Frans Lanting 1997 Bonobos: The Forgotten Ape. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.   Flanders, Judith 2014 The Making of Home. St. Martin’s Press, New York, NY.   Goodman, Laurie S. and Christopher Mayer 2018 Homeownership and the American Dream. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Winter 2018), pp. 31-58.   Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore 2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, London, UK.   Krasny, Marianne E. 2020 Sense of Place. Advancing Environmental Education Practices, Cornell University Press, Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, NY.   Middlecamp, David 2024 Tiny Houses Aren’t New—Check Out the Compact Houses Sold in SLO County after World War II. The Tribune, February 3, 2024, www.sanluisobispo.com/ news/local/news-columns-blogs/photos-from-the-vault/article284934322.html.   Nonko, Emily 2017 A Tiny House Movement Timeline. Curbed, July 19, 2017, archive.curbed.com/ 2017/7/19/15974554/tiny-house-timeline.   Schoenauer, Norbert 2000 6,000 Years of Housing. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY.   Somerville, Peter 1997 The Social Construction of Home. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, Autumn, 1997, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Autumn, 1997), pp. 226-245.   Stearns, Randy W. 2014 Tiny Houses with Big Ambitions. Time, May 29, 2014, time.com/130959/tiny-houses-with-big-ambitions/.   Walker, Robin 1977 A Sense of Place. The Crane Bag, Spring 1977, Vol. 1, Art and Politics (Spring, 1977), pp. 17-28.

The Two Humans wax on, wax off, and wax nostalgic as they look back at humans’ longing for bygone days. Episode 56: Remembrance of Things Past (Redux 2024) OR The Nauseating Neurasthenia of Nostalgia. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Boym, Svetlana 2001 The Future of Nostalgia. Basic Books, New York, NY.   Clarke, Frances 2007 So Lonesome I Could Die: Nostalgia and Debates over Emotional Control in the Civil War North. Journal of Social History, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Winter, 2007), pp. 253-282.   Coontz, Stephanie 2016 The Way We Never Were: American Families and the Nostalgia Trap. Basic Books, New York, NY.   Diamond, Ellen 2023 The Neuroscience Behind Reunions: Understanding the Science Behind the Joy of Reconnecting. Psychreg, www.psychreg.org/neuroscience-behind-reunions-understanding-science-behind-joy-reconnecting/.   Divecha, Diana 2016 What Does a Developmental Psychologist See in a 40th Class Reunion? Developmental Science, July 23, 2016, www.developmentalscience.com/blog/ 2016/7/23/what-does-a-developmental-psychologist-see-in-a-40th-class-reunion.   Geher, Glenn 2018 High School Reunion as Psychological Time Travel. Psychology Today, December 11, 2018, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/darwins-subterranean-world/201812/high-school-reunion-psychological-time-travel.   Green, Jeffrey, Chelsea A. Reid, Margaret A. Kneuer, and Mattie V. Hedgebeth 2023 The Proust Effect: Scents, Food, and Nostalgia. Current Opinion in Psychology, Volume 50, April 2023, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ S2352250X23000076.   Ludden, David 2020 The Psychology of Nostalgia. Psychology Today, March 2, 2020, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/talking-apes/202003/the-psychology-nostalgia.   Martocci, Laura 2022 Should You Go to Your High School Reunion? Psychology Today, March 1, 2022, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/you-can-t-sit-us/202203/should-you-go-your-high-school-reunion.   Matt, Susan J. 2007 You Can’t Go Home Again: Homesickness and Nostalgia in American History. The Journal of American History, Sep. 2007, Vol. 94, No. 2, (Sep., 2007), pp. 469-497.   Mechling, Lauren and Rachel Dodes 2024 Why Are Class Reunions So Terrifying? The Guardian, May 20, 2024, www.theguardian.com/global/commentisfree/article/2024/may/20/high-school-class-reunions-nostalgia.   Norwell, Jenifer 2023 Feeling Fearful about Your High School Reunion? You’re Not Alone. CBC News, July 8, 2023, www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/high-school-reunion-relevance-1.6897949.   Proust, Marcel 1989 Swann’s Way (Remembrance of Things Past) (C. K. Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin, trans.). Vintage International, New York, NY.   Sedikides, Constantine, Tim Wildschut, Jamie Arndt, and Clay Routledge 2008 Nostalgia: Past, Present, and Future. Current Directions in Psychological Science, Vol. 17, No. 5 (Oct., 2008), pp. 304-307.   The 80s Cruise 2024 The Ultimate Eighties Party. The Eighties Cruise (website), the80scruise.com.   Van Tilburg, Miranda A. L., Elisabeth H. M. Eurelings-Bontekoe, et al. 1999 An Exploratory Investigation into Types of Adult Homesickness. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Vol. 68, No. 6 (1999), pp. 313-318.  

What kind of doctor treats you if you step on a duck? The Two Humans cure what ails you as they look at the history of medical quackery. Please open your wallet and say “ah”! Episode 55: Trust Me, You’ll Feel Better, Medicine from Quackery to Science to Quackery Again An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Belofsky, Nathan 2013 Strange Medicine: A Shocking History of Real Medical Practices through the Ages. A Perigree Book (Penguin Group), New York, NY.   Blakemore, Erin 2016 The Strange Tale of 19th-Century Quack Doctors. JSTOR Daily, July 5, 2016, daily.jstor.org/the-strange-tale-of-19th-century-quack-doctors/.   British Medical Journal 1912 The Evolution of Quack Medicine. The British Medial Journal, Jun. 8, 1912, Vol. 1, No. 2684, (Jun. 8, 1912), pp. 1322-1324.   Burton, Neel 2024 The Myth of Chiron, the Wounded Hero. Psychology Today, June 26 2024, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/202102/the-myth-of-chiron-the-wounded-healer#:~:text=An%20Apollonian%20Teacher%20and%20Healer, pharmacy%2C%20medicine%2C%20and%20surgery.   CBS News 2020 Tales from the Annals of Medical Quackery. CBS News, April 26, 2020, www.cbsnews.com/news/quack-medicine-fake-cures-charlatans-and-snake-oil-salesmen/.   Drago, Elisabeth Berry 2020 Quacks, Plagues, and Pandemics. Science History Institute Museum & Library (website), December 15, 2020, www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/ quacks-plagues-and-pandemics/.   Furgiuele, Erica 2022 The Story of Clark Stanley, the Original Snake Oil Salesman. The Quota, May 31, 2022, www.thequota.co/articles/the-story-of-clark-stanley-the-original-snake-oil-salesman.   Hardy, Karen 2020 Paleomedicine and the Evolutionary Context of Medicinal Plant Use. Revista brasileira de farmacognosia, October 9, 2020, Vol. 31, 1–15 (2021), link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43450-020-00107-4.      Janik, Erika and Matthew B. Jensen 2011 Giving Them What They Want: The Reinhardts and Quack Medicine in Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer 2011, Vol. 94, No. 4 (Summer 2011), pp. 28-41.   Johns Hopkins Medicine 2024 Fecal Transplant. Johns Hopkins Medicine (website), www.hopkinsmedicine.org/ health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/fecal-transplant.   Kang, Lydia and Nate Pedersen 2017 Quackery: A Brief History of the Worst Ways to Cure Everything. Workman Publishing Company, New York, NY.   Kao, Audiey 2000 Medical Quackery: The Pseudo-Science of Health and Well-Being. AMA Journal of Ethics, April 2000, journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/medical-quackery-pseudo-science-health-and-well-being/2000-04.   Kerr, Breena 2017 The People Who Think Air Is Food. GQ, September 7, 2017, www.gq.com/story/ breatharians-the-people-who-think-air-is-food.   Mayo Clinic 2024 C. Difficile Infection. Mayo Clinic (website), www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691#:~:text= overview, threatening%20damage%20to%20the%20colon.   Medical News Today 2024 What Was Medicine Like in Prehistoric Times? Medical News Today (website), www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323556.   Nutton, Vivian 2006 The Rise of Medicine. The Cambridge History of Medicine (ed. Roy Porter). Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.    Porter, Roy 2006 Introduction. The Cambridge History of Medicine (ed. Roy Porter). Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.  2006 What Is Disease? The Cambridge History of Medicine (ed. Roy Porter). Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.    Qamar, Aysha 2024 At Least 5 States Report an Increase in Calls to Poison Control after Trump’s ‘Disinfectant’ COVID-19 Remarks. Michigan Poison & Drug Information Center (Wayne State University) (website), www.poison.med.wayne.edu/updates-content/kstytapp2qfstf0pkacdxmz943u1hs.   Shorter, Edward 2006 Primary Care. The Cambridge History of Medicine (ed. Roy Porter). Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.    Uslan, Dan 2021 What Is Ivermectin? How a Livestock Dewormer Became a Rumored COVID-19 Aid with Bad Side Effects. UCLA Health, September 3, 2021, www.uclahealth.org /news/article/what-is-ivermectin-how-a-livestock-de-wormer-became-a-rumored-covid-19-aid-with-bad-side-effects.  

Please take your seats, silence your phones, and get ready to get shushed as The Two Humans take on bad behavior in cinemas, theaters and planes. SHHHHHH!! Episode 54: Rude, Crude, Lewd and Unglued, Bad Behavior in Public Places. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans   Resources: Abad-Santos, Alex 2023 People Forgot How to Act in Public. Vox, August 21, 2023, www.vox.com/ culture/23835782/concert-attack-cardi-b-pink-ashes-movie-theater.   Alexander, Sean, Madi Oswalt, and Genny Sheara 2023 Concert Culture Has a Problem. The Spectator, October 25, 2023, seattlespectator.com/2023/10/25/concert-culture-has-a-problem/.   Archie, Ayana 2023 Cardi B Is the Latest Artist to Have Something Thrown at Them. So She Threw a Mic. NPR, July 31, 2023, www.npr.org/2023/07/31/1191157084/cardi-b-throws-microphone-fan-concert-drink.   Blossom, Priscilla 2021 Why Do People Share Bad Behavior on Social Media? Yahoo!Life, January 11, 2021, www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/bad-behavior-social-media-004532507.html.   Butsch, Richard 1994 Bowery B’hoys and Matinee Ladies: The Re-Gendering of Nineteenth-Century American Theater Audiences. American Quarterly, Sep., 1994, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep., 1994), pp. 374-405. 2001 Movie Audiences of the 1930s. International Labor and Working-Class History, Spring, 2001, No. 59, Workers and Film: As Subject and Audience (Spring, 2001), pp. 106-120.   Cleveland Clinic 2023 You’re the Star of the Show with Main Character Syndrome. Cleveland Clinic (website), December 14, 2023, health.clevelandclinic.org/what-to-know-about-main-character-syndrome. Cooper, Colin 2024 Exploring the Influence of Social Media on Human Behavior. Medium, January 17, 2024, medium.com/@colin-cooper/exploring-the-influence-of-social-media-on-human-behavior-3fc5baf6f273.   Curtis, Nick 2023 Sex, Violence and Singalongs: How London’s Theatre Crowds Forgot How to Behave. The Standard, April 11, 2023, www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-theatres-bad-behaviour-audiences-worse-b1064018.html.   Des Marais, Saya  2024 Beyond the Role of Main Character Syndrome. PsychCentral.com, May 31, 2024, psychcentral.com/health/main-character-syndrome.   Doonan, Simon 2014 Throw Out the Rule Book! Slate, March 20, 2014, slate.com/human-interest/2014/03/modern-manners-simon-doonan-on-celebrity-nose-picking-and-how-to-rewrite-the-etiquette-books.html.   Feuerherd, Peter 2019 When an Argument over Macbeth Incited a Bloody Riot. JSTOR Daily, May 10, 2019, daily.jstor.org/an-argument-over-macbeth-incited-a-bloody-riot/.   Hartley, Cecil B. 2017 The Gentlemen’s Book of Etiquette: A Manual of Politeness from a Gentler Time. Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, NY.   Heritage, Stewart 2023 Chaos in the Aisles: Has Cinema Etiquette Reached an All-Time Low? The Guardian, August 7, 2023, www.theguardian.com/film/2023/aug/07/movie-theater-fights-cellphones-bad-behavior.   Hines, Morgan 2023 Fan Throws Bag of Ashes at Pink During Tour Concert. USA Today, June 27, 2023, www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2023/06/27/pink-concert-fan-throws-ashes-on-stage/70359893007/.   Jackson, Ashawnta 2023 Riot! At the Theater. JSTOR Daily, May 5, 2023, daily.jstor.org/riot-at-the-theater/.   Jay, Timothy B. 2017 We Did What?! Offensive and Inappropriate Behavior in American History. Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA.   Kellem, Betsy Golden 2017 When New York City Rioted over Hamlet Being Too British. Smithsonian Magazine, July 19, 2017, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/when-new-york-rivalry-over-shakespeare-boiled-over-deadly-melee-180964102/.   Khomami, Nadia 2023 Bad Behavior at Concerts Is Becoming Normalised, Experts Say. The Guardian, August 4, 2023, www.theguardian.com/music/2023/aug/04/bad-behaviour-at-concerts-normalised-experts-say.   Lenhart, Amanda, Mary Madden, Aaron Smith, and Kathryn Zickuhr 2011 Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Media Sites. Pew Research Center (website), November 9, 2011, www.pewresearch.org/internet/2011/11/09/teens-kindness-and-cruelty-on-social-network-sites/.   Lewis, Isobel 2023 The Bodyguard: Police Called to Manchester Palace Theatre after Audience ‘Riot’ Ends Show Early. Independent, April 8, 2023, ca.news.yahoo.com/ bodyguard-police-called-manchester-palace-090506956.html.   McNamara, Mary 2023 Americans Have Forgotten How to Behave. And It’s Time to Stop Blaming the Pandemic. Los Angeles Times, August 17, 2023, www.yahoo.com/entertainment/ column-americans-forgotten-behave-time-100031955.html.   Minelle, Bethany 2023 Audiences Behaving Badly: An Epidemic of Anti-Social Behavior in Theatres, Concerts and Gigs. Sky News, September 2, 2023, news.sky.com/story/ audiences-behaving-badly-an-epidemic-of-anti-social-behaviour-in-theatres-concerts-and-gigs-12952497.   Osborne, Samuel 2023 Police Called to ‘Disturbance’ at Manchester Palace Theatre during The Bodyguard Musical after Audience ‘Tried to Sing over Cast.’ Sky News, April 8, 2023, news.sky.com/story/police-called-to-disturbance-at-manchester-palace-theatre-during-the-bodyguard-musical-after-audience-tried-to-sing-over-cast-12852504.   Reed, Phil 2021 The Trouble with ‘Main Character Syndrome.’ Psychology Today, June 1, 2021, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/digital-world-real-world/202106/the-trouble-main-character-syndrome.   Rosenbloom, Alli 2023 Here We Go Again: Harry Styles Hit in Eye with Object While Performing on Stage at Vienna Concert. CNN, July 10, 2023, www.cnn.com/2023/07/09/ entertainment/harry-styles-hit-eye-stage/index.html.   Seattle Shakespeare Company 2024 Who Were These People? Audiences in Shakespeare’s Day. Seattle Shakespeare Company (website), www.seattleshakespeare.org/who-were-these-people/.   Sedgman, Kirsty 2023 On Being Unreasonable: Why Being Bad Can Be a Force for Good. Faber & Faber Ltd, London, UK.   Stewart, Sara 2023 Opinion: We No Longer Know How to Behave in Public. CNN, August 9, 2023, www.cnn.com/2023/08/09/opinions/audience-behavior-barbenheimer-cardib-adele-summer-stewart/index.html.   The Guardian 2023 ‘I Always Confront’: Guardian Readers on the Decline of Cinema Etiquette. The Guardian, August 8, 2023, www.theguardian.com/film/2023/aug/08/guardian-readers-cinema-etiquette-bad-behavior-anecdotes.   Wong, Curtis M. 2023 Ava Max Slapped by Concertgoer Days after Bebe Rexha Phone Incident. Huffpost, June 21, 2023, https://uk.style.yahoo.com/news/ava-max-slapped-concertgoer-days-201114936.html?.   Works & Days 2024 Margaret Thatcher: There’s No Such Thing as Society. Works & Days (website), newlearningonline.com/new-learning/chapter-4/neoliberalism-more-recent-times/margaret-thatcher-theres-no-such-thing-as-society.   Yousif, Nadine 2024 Dublin-NY Portal Temporarily Shut Due to ‘Inappropriate Behaviour.’ BBC, May 14, 2024, www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-69006674

The Two Humans climb into their gas-powered time machine to find out why farts are so damn funny. Fire retro rockets NOW!! Episode 53: This Toot Shall Pass, The Fabulous History of Farting An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans   Resources: Bart, Benjamin 1993 The History of Farting. Shelter Harbor Press, New York, NY.   BBC 2024 8 (Sometimes Surprising) Foods That Make You Fart. BBC.com (website), www.bbc.co.uk/food/articles/why_food_makes_you_fart.   Bedi, Rahul 2021 A Brief History of Passing Wind. The Wire, July 14, 2021, thewire.in/humour/a-brief-history-of-passing-wind.   Beresini, Erin 2013 Is High Altitude Gas a Thing? Outside, September 30, 2013, www.outsideonline.com /health/training-performance/high-altitude-gas-thing/.   Borresen, Kelsey 2018 What Marriage Experts Think about Couples Who Fart in Front of Each Other. HuffPost, March 20, 2018, www.huffpost.com/entry/couples-farting-in-front-of-each-other_n_5aaff5dee4b00549ac7e06b2.   Cowie, Ashley 2018 From Fart Gods to Farting Out One’s Soul: The Historic Ritualization of Farts. Ancient Origins, March 5, 2018, www.ancient-origins.net/history-ancient-traditions/fart-gods-farting-out-one-s-soul-historic-ritualization-farts-009699.   Dawson, Jim 1999 Who Cut the Cheese? A Cultural History of the Fart. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, CA. 2010 Did Somebody Step on a Duck? A Natural History of the Fart. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, CA.   De Boinod, Adam Jacot 2014 The Ultimate Guide to Cockney Rhyming Slang. The Guardian, June 9, 2014, www.theguardian.com/education/2014/jun/09/guide-to-cockney-rhyming-slang .   Elhassan, Khalid 2020 The Fart That Killed 10,000 People, and Other Weird Moments from History. History Collection, July 18, 2020, historycollection.com/the-fart-that-killed-10000-people-and-other-weird-moments-from-history/.   Freeman, Gary 2018 Songs Classic Rock DJ’s Play When They Have to Go Pee. 101.9 The Rock (website), September 20, 2018, 1019therock.com/songs-classic-rock-djs-play-when-they-have-to-go-pee-videos/.   Giddens, Sheshe 2020 Flatulence: Everything You Wanted to Know about Farting. Houston Methodist Leading Medicine (website), October 13, 2020, www.houstonmethodist.org/ blog/articles/2020/oct/flatulence-everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-farting/.   Jay, Timothy B. 2017 We Did That?! Offensive and Inappropriate Behavior in American History (ed. Timothy B. Jay). Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA.   Levitan, Corey 2015 Your Big Stinky Guide to the Fascinating History of Farts. Men’s Health, January 12, 2015, www.menshealth.com/trending-news/a19530198/history-of-farts/.   Mandal, Ananya 2023 Flatulence Culture. News Medical, June 13, 2023, www.news-medical.net/health/Flatulence-Culture.aspx#:~:text=In%20many%20cultures %2C%20breaking%20wind,laughed%20off%2C%20especially%20among%20children.   Mashburn, Rebecca 2024 ‘This Too Shall Pass’: History, Origin and Bible Teaching. Christianity.com, May 23, 2024, www.christianity.com/wiki/bible/this-too-shall-pass.html.   Rampton, Mike 2021 20 Memorable Farts Heard ‘Round the World.’ Mental Floss, September 20, 2021, www.mentalfloss.com/article/649356/fart-history-memorable-moments.   Rodriguez, Linda 2015 The History of Farting for Money. The New Republic, December 30, 2015, newrepublic.com/article/126812/history-farting-money.   Spiegel, James 2015 From Sumerians to Shakespeare to Twain: Why Fart Jokes Never Get Old. The Conversation, August 17, 2015, theconversation.com/from-the-sumerians-to-shakespeare-fart-jokes-never-get-old-41211.   Suckling, Lee 2015 Modern Etiquette: What Do I Do When I Pass Wind in Public? The New Zealand Herald, March 30, 2015, www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/modern-etiquette-what-do-i-do-when-i-pass-wind-in-public/PZ6HYUYOMPAYCUHXZ6BYDQDG64/#google_vignette.   Whalen, M. D. 2017 Big Book of Farty Facts. Top Floor Books, Hong Kong, China.  

It’s their party and they’ll cry if they want to! The Two Humans celebrate their one-year birthday with a buffet of birthday foods and traditions from around the world.  Episode 52: Spanking Off the Years, A Celebratory Look at Birthday Traditions An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Argetsinger, Kathryn 1992 Birthday Rituals: Friends and Patrons in Roman Poetry and Cult. Classical Antiquity, Oct., 1992, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Oct., 1992), pp. 175-193.   Bags of Love 2024 History of Birthday Celebrations: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know—And Then Some. Bags of Love (website), www.bagsoflove.com/blog/history-of-birthday-everything-you-ever-needed-to-know/.   BirthdayCelebrations.net 2024 Traditions from Around the World: Birthday Celebrations from America. BirthdayCelebrations.net (website).   BBC 2023 How Are Birthdays Celebrated across the World? BBC.com, September 2023, www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zs4gdnb.   Cheung, Theresa 2023 The Element Encyclopedia of Birthdays. Harper Element, London, UK.   Chudacoff, Howard P. 1989 How Old Are You? Age Consciousness in American Culture. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.   Debjani 2018 Chaler Payesh, aka Bengali Rice Kheer. Debjani Rannaghar: The Kitchen of Debjani (website), October 22, 2018, kitchenofdebjani.com/2018/10/chaler-payesh-aka-bengali-rice-kheer/. Drzazgowski, Alexandria 2021 Oto (Mashed Yams with Red Onions) from Ghana. The Foreign Fork (website), August 13, 2021, foreignfork.com/oto/.   Eagle, Mary Ann 2000 Tet Is Everybody’s Birthday. Saveur, November 6, 2000, www.saveur.com/ article/Travels/Tet-Is-Everybodys-Birthday/.   Gore, Makinze 2024 Tres Leches Cake. Delish, April 15, 2024, www.delish.com/cooking/recipe-ideas/a58567/easy-tres-leches-cake-recipe/.   Hagan, Elizabeth 2022 The Sweet History of the Birthday Cake. The Sugar Association (website), March 2022, www.sugar.org/blog/the-sweet-history-of-birthday-cakes/.   Katterman, Stella 2019 My Swedish Princess Cake Recipe (No Baking Required). Stella’s Wardrobe (website), www.stellaswardrobe.com/2019/09/my-diy-swedish-princess-cake-no-baking.html.   Kiosow, Brooklyn 2023 Unwrapping the Strange History of Birthday Celebrations [Thoughts after Dark]. Thomasnet.com, February 23, 2023, www.thomasnet.com/insights/unwrapping-the-strange-history-of-birthday-celebrations-thoughts-after-dark/.   Leila’s Empanadas 2024 Brigadeiro. Brigadeiro (on the box of chocolates), 2024.   Levene, Alysa 2016 Cake: A Slice of History. Pegasus Books, New York, NY. Lo, Eileen Yin-Fei 2022 Longevity Noodles. Food & Wine, December 7, 2022, www.foodandwine.com/ recipes/longevity-noodles.   Mejia, Paula 2018 The Political Lore of an Iconic Brazilian Sweet. Atlas Obscura, August 27, 2018, www.atlasobscura.com/articles/how-did-the-brigadeiro-become-popular.   Nivera, Katrien 2024 9 Dutch Birthday Traditions That’ll Confuse the Heck Out of Internationals. DutchReview, February 29, 2024, dutchreview.com/culture/dutch-birthday-traditions/.   Redlich, Orly 2020 The Concept of Birthday: A Theoretical, Historical, and Social Overview, in Judaism and Other Cultures. World Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, September 21, 2020, Vol: 14, No. 9, pp. 791-801.   Rosanas Ideas 2019 Argentinian Crumb Sandwiches. Cookpad (website), January 5, 2019, cookpad.com/us/recipes/6788546-argentinian-crumb-sandwiches.   Ruurs, Margriet and Ashley Barron 2017 Birthdays around the World. Kids Can Press, Toronto, Canada.   Santos, Leticia Cezario 2023 After All, When Did Celebrating Birthdays Become a Thing? The Oakland Post, February 15, 2023, oaklandpostonline.com/45230/features/after-all-when-did-celebrating-birthdays-became-a-thing/.   Schuette, Sarah L. 2010 Happy Birthday! Birthday Customs around the World. Capstone Press, North Mankato, MN.   Shoham, Hizky 2021 It’s about Time: Birthdays As Modern Rites of Temporality. Time & Society, Volume 30, Issue 1, pp. 78-99.   Tolone, Cecilia 2023 Princesstarta: Swedish Princess Cake. Cecilia Tolone (website), September 15, 2023, ceciliatolone.com/prinsesstarta-swedish-princess-cake/.  

The Two Humans host a plethora of lice, fleas, and worms as they scratch, pick, and dig into the history of parasites and humans. Episode 51: Many the Moochers, The Co-Dependent Relationship between Parasites and Humans An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans   Resources: Bahe, Cindy and Addy Bink 2024 Several Family Members Infected with Parasite after Eating Bear Meat: CDC. The Hill, May 28, 2024, thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/4687220-several-family-members-infected-with-parasite-after-eating-bear-meat-cdc/?lv=true.   Bichell, Rae Ellen 2025 Our Parasites and Vermin Reveal Secrets of Human History. NPR, December 14, 2015, www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/24/460029361/our-parasites-and-vermin-reveal-secrets-of-human-history.   Caporuscio, Jessica 2020 What to Know about Eyelash Mites. Medical News Today, September 15, 2020, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/eyelash-mites.   Cleveland Clinic 2024 Pubic Lice (Crabs). Cleveland Clinic (website), my.clevelandclinic.org/ health/diseases/4522-pubic-lice-crabs.   Cole, Lucinda 2016 Imperfect Creatures: Vermin, Literature, and the Sciences of Life, 1600-1740. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.   Craig, Susanne 2024 R.F.K. Jr. Says Doctors Found a Dead Worm in His Brain. The New York Times, May 8, 2024, www.nytimes.com/2024/05/08/us/rfk-jr-brain-health-memory-loss.html#:~:text=R.F.K.-,Jr.,ate%20part%20of%20his%20brain.   Despommier, Dickson D. 2013 People, Parasites & Plowshares: Learning from Our Body’s Most Terrifying Invaders. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.   De Waal, Frans 1982 Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex among Apes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.    De Waal, Frans and Frans Lanting 1997 Bonobos : The Forgotten Ape. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.   Draper, David 2024 Why You Need to Try Black Bear Meat Now. Petersen’s Hunting (website), www.petersenshunting.com/editorial/why-you-need-to-try-black-bear-meat-now/272230.   Drisdelle, Rosemary 2010 Parasites: Tales of Humanity’s Most Unwelcome Guests. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.    Fisher, Charles L., Karl J. Reinhard, Matthew Kirk, and Justin DiVirgilio 2007 Privies and Parasites: The Archaeology of Health Conditions in Albany New York. Historical Archaeology, 2007, Vol. 41, No. 4 (2007), pp. 172-197.   Garcia, Lynne S. 1997 Classification of Human Parasites. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Jul., 1997, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Jul., 1997), pp. 21-23.   Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Klein, Aaron 1981 The Parasites We Humans Harbor. Elsevier/Nelson Books, New York, NY.   Mayhew, Henry 1985 London Labour and the London Poor. Penguin Books, London, UK. (Originally published in 1851) 2010 London Labour and the London Poor: A Selected Edition. Edited by Robert Douglas-Fairhurst. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. (Originally published in 1851)   Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn 2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames and Hudson, New York, NY.   Salamon, Maureen 2022 Eyelash Mites: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. WebMD, November 8, 2022, www.webmd.com/eye-health/eyelash-mites.   Visser, Margaret 1991 The Rituals of Dinner: The Origins, Evolution, Eccentricities and Meaning of Table Manners. Grove Weidenfeld, New York, NY.   World Health Organization 2024 Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia). World Health Organization (website), www.who.int/health-topics/schistosomiasis#tab=tab_1.   Yang, Maya 2024 Family Infected with Parasitic Worms in US after Eating Bear Meat, CDC Says. The Guardian, May 26, 2024, www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may /26/ people-infected-bear-meat-parasitic-worms-trichinellosis.   Zinsser, Hans 2013 Rats, Lice & History. Read Books Ltd., Las Vegas, NV. (Originally published in 1935)

The Two Humans push their love over the borderline to find out what’s going on with borders.   Episode 50: “Borderlines, Seems Like We’ve Already Lost Our Minds” An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Aguirre, Jr., Adalberto and Jennifer Simmers 2009 Mexican Border Crossers: The Mexican Body in Immigration Discourse. Social Justice, 2008-2009, Vol. 35, No. 4 (114), Migrant Labor and Contested Public Space (2008-09), pp. 99-106.   Barrera, Mario 1979 Race and Class in the Southwest: A Theory of Racial Inequality. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN.   Benton-Cohen, Katherine 2009 Borderline Americans: Racial Division and Labor War in the Arizona Borderlands. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.   Cauchi, E. D. 2023 Mexican Drug Cartels Pay Americans to Smuggle Weapons across the Border, Intelligence Documents Show. CBS News, September 18, 2023, www.cbsnews.com/news /mexican-drug-cartels-american-weapons-smuggled-across-border/.   Deverell, William 2004 Whitewashed Adobe: The Rise of Los Angeles and the Remaking of Its Mexican Past. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.   Ebright, Malcolm 2008 Land Grants & Lawsuits in Northern New Mexico. Center for Land Grant Studies Press, Santa Fe, NM.   Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta 2012 Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Grassiani, Erella and Michiel Swinkels 2014 Introduction: Engaging with Borders. Etnofoor, 2014, Vol. 26, No. 1, Borders (2014) pp. 7-12.   Love, Mindi C. 2006 Johnson County, Kansas: A Pictorial History, 1825-2005. Johnson County Museum, Shawnee, KS.   Luna-Firebaugh, Eileen M.  2002 The Border Crossed Us: Border Crossing Issues of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas. Wicazo Sa Review, Spring 2002, Vol. 17, No. 1, Sovereignty and Governance (Spring 2002), pp. 159-181.   Massey, Douglas S. 2016 The Mexico-U.S. Border in the American Imagination. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, June 2016, Vol. 160, No. 2 (June 2016), pp. 160-177.   National Humanities Center 2024 Declaration of Independence. National Humanities Center (website), americainclass.org/sources/makingrevolution/rebellion/text8/decindep.pdf.   Resendez, Andres 2004 Changing National Identities at the Frontier: Texas and New Mexico, 1800-1850. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.   Shoichet, Catherine E. 2024 At 91, He’s One of the Last Surviving Participants in a US Program Described as ‘Legalized Slavery.’ CNN, May 22, 2024, www.cnn.com/2024/05/21/travel/ braceros-landmark-texas-rio-vista-cec/index.html.   St. John, Rachel 2011 Line in the Sand: A History of the Western U.S.-Mexico Border. Princeton University Press, Princeton, PA.   Tarlton Law Library 2024 Constitution of the Republic of Texas (1836). Tarlton Law Library (website), tarlton.law.utexas.edu/constitutions/republic-texas-1836/introduction.   United States Drug Enforcement Agency 2024 Facts about Fentanyl. United States Drug Enforcement Administration (website), www.dea.gov/resources/facts-about-fentanyl.   University of Texas Arlington 2024 Taos Revolt. A Continent Divided: The U.S.-Mexico War (website), libraries.uta.edu/usmexicowar/topic/taos-revolt.   Volle, Adam 2024 Globalization. Encyclopaedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/money/ globalization.   Weber, David J. 1982 The Mexican Frontier, 1821-1846: The American Southwest under Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM.   Wilson, Thomas M. 2024 Borders, Boundaries, Frontiers. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.   Wilson, Thomas M. and Hastings Donnan 1998 Nation, State, and Identity at International Frontiers. Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers (ed. Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan), Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, Australia.

I see you listening to a podcast… I sense you are going to like this one…The Two Humans clear their minds and project their thoughts about extrasensory perception.  Episode 49: “WTF with ESP? Is it QED or BFD?” An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Carey, Benedict 2011 Journal’s Paper on ESP Expected to Prompt Outrage. The New York Times, January 5, 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/01/06/science/06esp.html#:~:text= One%20of%20psychology%27s%20most%20respected,it%20is%20already%20mortifying%20scientists.   Brankovic, Marija 2019 Who Believes in ESP: Cognitive and Motivational Determinants of the Belief in Extra-Sensory Perception. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 2019 February; 15(1), pp. 120-139.   Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia 2007 Crystal Gazing. Encyclopaedia Britannica, October 10, 2007, www.britannica.com/topic/crystal-gazing.   Eysenck, Michael and David Groome 2019 Extra-Sensory Perception. The Psychology of the Paranormal (ed. David Groome, Michael Eysenck, and Robin Law). Routledge, Abingdon, UK.   Getty Research Institute 2024 Through the Obsidian Mirror. The Getty Research Institute (website), www.getty.edu/research/exhibitions_events/exhibitions/obsidian_mirror/through_the_mirror.html.   Haseltine, Eric 2015 Telekinesis (Making Things Move with Your Mind) Is Possible. Psychology Today, September 26, 2015, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/long-fuse-big-bang/201509/telekinesis-making-things-move-your-mind-is-possible. History.com Editors 2023 Nostradamus. History.com (website), August 11, 2023, www.history.com/topics/ paranormal/Nostradamus.   Jacobsen, Annie 2017 Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government’s Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis. Little, Brown and Company, New York, NY.   Kolitz, Daniel 2020 Could Brain Implants Ever Make Telekinesis Possible? Gizmodo, October 19, 2020, gizmodo.com/could-brain-implants-ever-make-telekinesis-possible-1845395619.   Kolitz, Daniel and Andrea Stocco 2024 Could Brain Implants Ever Make Telekinesis Possible? University of Washington/Department of Psychology (website), psych.uw.edu/news/2965.   Ludden, David 2016 Are You an Intuitive or Analytic Thinker? Psychology Today, February 21, 2016, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/talking-apes/201602/are-you-intuitive-or-analytical-thinker.   McVaugh, Michael and Seymour H. Mauskopf 1976 J. B. Rhine’s Extra-Sensory Perception and Its Background in Psychical Research. Isis, Jun., 1976, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Jun., 1976), pp. 160-189.   Mikuskova, Eva Ballova and Vladimira Cavojova 2020 The Effect of Analytic Cognitive Style on Credulity. Frontiers in Psychology, October 15, 2020, www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/ articles/ 10.3389/ fpsyg.2020.584424/full.   Moesgaard, Simon 2016 The Intuitive and Analytical Thinking Style: Which One is Yours? Reflectd, February 24, 2016, reflectd.co/2016/02/24/thinking-styles/.   Morris, Robert L. 1998 Extra-sensory Perception. RSA Journal, 1998, Vol. 145, No. 5484 (1998), pp. 124-130.   Newton, Christie, Justin Feeney, and Gordon Pennycook 2023 On the Disposition to Think Analytically: Four Distinct Intuitive-Analytic Thinking Styles. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 50(6), March 2, 2023, pp. 906-923.   Powell, Diane Hennacy 2009 The ESP Enigma: The Scientific Case for Psychic Phenomena. Walker & Company, New York, NY.   Randi, James 2022 Flim-Flam: Psychics, ESP, Unicorns and Other Delusions. Prometheus Books, Essex, CT.   Resnick, Ariane 2023 Are You the Victim of the Barnum Effect? Understanding the Psychology of Generalizations. Verywell Mind, July 21, 2023, www.verywellmind.com/barnum-effect-7561323.   Rhine, J. B. 2011 Extra-Sensory Perception. Branden Books, Wellesley, MA. Robinson, Eric 2009 Extra-sensory Perception—A Controversial Topic. The British Psychology Society (website), Jully 6, 2009, www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/extra-sensory-perception-controversial-debate.   Schick, Jr., Theodore and Lewis Vaughn 2014 How to Think about Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Storr, Will 2006 Will Storr vs. the Supernatural. Harper, New York, NY.   Targ, Russell 2004 Limitless Mind: A Guide to Remote Viewing and Transformation of Conscious. New World Library, Novato, CA. 2012 The Reality of ESP: A Physicist’s Proof of Psychic Abilities. Quest Books, Wheaton, IL.    Vohs, Kathleen D. 2024 Barnum Effect. Encyclopedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/science/Barnum-Effect.   Whitcomb, Isobel 2021 What Is ESP? Live Science, August 30, 2021, www.livescience.com/ESP.   Wiseman, Richard and Robert L. Morris 1995 Recalling Pseudo-Psychic Demonstrations. British Journal of Psychology (1995), 86, pp.113-125.

Scandals, mysteries and murder! And guess who was seen at Cannes on the arm of one of Hollywood’s top actors? The Two Humans dish gossip on celebrity mummy Otzi the Iceman.  Episode 48: Otzi, Brad, Juanita and Pete, Hollywood A-Listers and the Celebrity Mummies of Archaeology  An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Adebowale, Temi 2019 Here’s the Meaning Behind Brad Pitt’s New Arm Tattoo. Men’s Health, August 29, 2019, www.menshealth.com/entertainment/a28857088/brad-pitt-new-arm-tattoo/.   Aldhouse-Green, Miranda  2015 Bog Bodies Uncovered: Solving Europe’s Ancient Mystery. Thames and Hudson, NY.   Archaeology Magazine 2022 Researchers Revisit Circumstances of Otzi the Iceman’s Death. Archaeology Magazine, November 29, 2022, www.archaeology.org/news/11002-221129-otzi-death.   Barbour, Shannon 2018 32 of the Most Ridiculous, Outrageous, and Downright Confusing Celebrity Tattoos. Cosmopolitan, May 3, 2018, www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/ g19667016/bad-crazy-funny-celebrity-tattoos/.   Becker, Emily 2021 33 Celebrities Who Regret Their Tattoos. Women’s Health, April 3, 2021, www.womenshealthmag.com/life/g35893046/celebrities-who-regret-tattoos/.   Bonn-Muller, Eti 2007 “Brotzi” Emerges. Archaeology Magazine, Volume 60, Number 5, September/ October 2007, archive.archaeology.org/0709/trenches/brotzi.html.   Bower, Bruce  2024 How Otzi the Iceman Really Got His Tattoos. Science News, April 5, 2024, www.sciencenews.org/article/otzi-iceman-tattoos-anthropology-mummies.   Buchan, Kit 2018 Meeting the Ancestors…The Two Brothers Creating Lifelike Figures of Early Man. The Guardian, May 5, 2018, amp.theguardian.com/science/2018/may/ 05/meet-the-ancestors-two-brothers-lifelike-figures-early-man-adrie-and-alfons-kennis.   Connolly, R. C.  1985 Lindow Man: Britain’s Prehistoric Bog Body. Anthropology Today, Oct., 1985, Vol. 1, No. 5 (Oct., 1985), pp. 15-17.   Contino, Kristin 2023 Brad Pitt’s Tattoos and Their Meanings: A Complete Guide. Page Six, January 4, 2023, pagesix.com/article/brad-pitts-tattoos-and-their-meanings-a-complete-guide/.   Daly, Patrick 2022 Curse of the Frozen Mummy and the Gruesome Deaths Suffered by Those Who Found Him. The Mirror, December 9, 2022, www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/curse-frozen-mummy-gruesome-deaths-28685652.   Fleckinger, Angelika 2020 Otzi, the Iceman: The Full Facts at a Glance. Folio, Vienna, Austria.   Handwerk, Brian 2023 Famed 5,300-Year-Old Alps Iceman Was a Balding Middle-Aged Man with Dark Skin and Eyes. Smithsonian Magazine, August 16, 2023, www.smithsonianmag. com/science-nature/famed-5300-year-old-alps-iceman-was-a-balding-middle-aged-man-with-dark-skin-and-eyes-180982744/. Hrodey, Matt 2023 A DNA Analysis Upends What We Thought Otzi the Iceman Looked Like. Discover, August 23, 2023, www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/a-dna-analysis-upends-what-we-thought-oetzi-the-iceman-looked-like.   Hyde, Marina 2007 Meet the Man Who Inspired Brad’s Tattoo. The Guardian, August 30, 2007, www.theguardian.com/film/2007/aug/31/7?CMP=gu_com.   Kuta, Sarah 2022 Rewriting the Story of Otzi, the Murdered Iceman. Smithsonian Magazine, November 10, 2022, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/the-true-story-behind-otzi-the-murdered-iceman-180981103/.   Levine, Joshua 2017 Europe’s Famed Bog Bodies Are Starting to Reveal Their Secrets. Smithsonian Magazine, May 2017, www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/europe-bog-bodies-reveal-secrets-180962770/.   Lewis, Susan K. 2006 The Perfect Corpse: Bog Bodies of the Iron Age. Nova, January 2006, www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bog/iron-nf.html.   MacDonald, James 2017 The Unsolved Case of Otzi the Iceman. JSTOR Daily, April 12, 2017, daily.jstor.org/the-unsolved-case-of-otzi-the-iceman/.   McMahon, Barbara 2005 Scientist Seen As Latest ‘Victim’ of Iceman. The Guardian, April 20, 2005, www.theguardian.com/science/2005/apr/20/science.italy. Pearson, Mike Parker 1986 Lindow Man and the Danish Connection: Further Light on the Mystery of the Bogman. Anthropology Today, Feb., 1986, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Feb., 1986), pp. 15-18.   Pringle, Heather 2013 ScienceShot: The Iceman, Death by Blood Clot? Science, June 11, 2013, www.science.org/content/article/scienceshot-iceman-death-blood-clot.   Randau, Felix (Director) 2017 Iceman [Film]. Port-au-Prince Echo, Film Lucky Bird, Pictures Amour Fou, Vienna.   Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn 2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames and Hudson, New York, NY.   Rollo, Franco, Massimo Ubaldi, Lucas Ermini, and Isolina Marota 2002 Otzi’s Last Meals: DNA Analysis of the Intestinal Content of the Neolithic Mummy from the Alps. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Oct. 1, 2002, Vol. 99, No. 20 (Oct. 1, 2002), pp. 12594-12599.   Spindler, Konrad 1994 The Man in the Ice. Harmony Books, New York, NY.   Strickland, Ashley 2023 A Young Woman Was Sacrificed and Frozen for 500 Years in the Andes. Scientists Just Revealed Her Face. CNN, November 3, 2023, edition.cnn.com/ 2023/11/03/world/ice-maiden-juanita-facial-reconstruction-scn/index.html. Surugue, Lea 2016 World’s Oldest ‘Cold Case’? Otzi the Iceman’s Murder Finally Solved. International Business Times, September 26, 2016, www.ibtimes.co.uk/worlds-oldest-cold-case-otzi-icemans-murder-finally-solved-1583317.  

Rubber ducky? Check. Shower cap? Check. The Two Humans head to the bathroom to investigate the history of personal hygiene.  Episode 47--Squeaky Clean: A Holistic History of Human Hygiene An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: AOBiome Therapeutics 2024 AOBiome Therapeutics (website), www.aobiome.com.   Ashenburg, Katherine 2007 The Dirt on Clean: An Unsanitized History. North Point Press, New York, NY.   Bushman, Richard L. and Claudia L. Bushman 1988 The Early History of Cleanliness in America. The Journal of American History, Mar., 1988, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Mar., 1988), pp. 1213-1238.   Curtis, Valerie 2007 Dirt, Disgust and Disease: A Natural History of Hygiene. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (1979-), Vol. 61, No. 8 (August 2007), pp. 660-664.   Dyer, Gabrielle 2019 Meet Mother Dirt, the World’s First Live Bacteria Skincare. Cosmopolitan, April 23, 2019, www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/beauty-hair/a27193769/mother-dirt-ao-live-bacteria-skincare/.   Elmasry, Faiza 2020 Historian Explores the Evolution of Personal Hygiene. Voice of America, April 22, 2020, www.voanews.com/a/science-health_historian-explores-evolution-personal-hygiene/6187950.html.   Hartley, Cecil B. 2017 The Gentlemen’s Book of Etiquette: A Manual of Politeness from a Gentler Time. Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, NY.   Indigo Invitational 2024 Indigo Invitational (website), indigoinvitational.com.   Long, Danielle 2021 Ashton Kutcher, Mila Kunis Shock Internet with Their Shower Habits. ABC News, July 28, 2021, abcnews.go.com/GMA/Culture/ashton-kutcher-mila-kunis-shock-internet-shower-habits/story?id=79115492.   Respers, Lisa 2021 Ashton Kutcher and Mila Kunis Say They Don’t Believe in Bathing Their Kids or Themselves Too Much. CNN, July 27, 2021, www.cnn.com/2021/07/27/ entertainment/ashton-kutcher-mila-kunis-bathing/index.html.   Scott, Julia 2014 My No-Soap, No Shampoo, Bacteria-Rich Hygiene Experiment. The New York Times Magazine, May 22, 2014, www.nytimes.com/2014/05/25/magazine/my-no-soap-no-shampoo-bacteria-rich-hygiene-experiment.html.   Simon, Scott 2015 No Shower, No Problem—Just Spritz with Bacteria. NPR.com, October 10, 2015, www.npr.org/2015/10/10/447451403/no-shower-no-problem-just-spritz-with-bacteria.   Smith, Virginia 2007 Clean: A History of Personal Hygiene and Purity. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.   Ward, Peter 2019 The Clean Body: A Modern History. McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal, Canada.   Welin, Matilda 2023 The Rise of the “No-Wash” Movement. BBC.com, May 29, 2023, www.bbc.com/ culture/article/20230529-the-people-who-dont-wash-their-clothes.   2024 There’s No Need to Shower Every Day – Here’s Why. BBC.com, April 24, 2024, www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240423-theres-no-need-to-shower-every-day-heres-why.

The Two Humans adjust their berets and trim their goatees before heading off to the coffee house to ask: Why Art? Finger snapping is encouraged. Episode 46: Why We Do Art OR What’s with All the Scribbles, Doodles, and Ditties? An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Artsper 2022 How a Urinal Changed Art History Forever: The Duchamp Fountain. Artsper Magazine, March 7, 2022, blog.artsper.com/en/a-closer-look/how-a-urinal-changed-art-history-the-duchamp-fountain/.   Associated Press 2005 Chimpanzee’s Artwork Auctioned for $25,000. The Seattle Times, June 21, 2005, www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/chimpanzees-artwork-auctioned-for-25000/.   Cave, Nick and Sean O’Hagan 2022 Faith, Hope, and Carnage. Picado, New York, NY.   Clowney, David 2011 Definitions of Art and Fine Art’s Historical Origins. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Summer 2011, Vol. 69, No. 3 (Summer 2011), pp. 309-320.   Cottak, Conrad Phillip 2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Addition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Daley, Jason 2019 Art by Congo, the Famous Painting Ape, to Go on Sale. Smithsonian Magazine, October 9, 2019, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dozens-paintings-1950s-chimp-artist-congo-go-sale-180973305/.   Davis, Eleanor 2018 Why Art? Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. Davis, Whitney 1993 Beginning the History of Art. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Summer, 1993, Vol. 51, No. 3, Philosophy and the Histories of the Arts (Summer, 1993), pp. 327-350.   Dutton, Denis 2010 The Art Instinct: Beauty, Pleasure & Human Evolution. Bloomsbury Press, New York, NY.   Feder, Kenneth L.  and Michael Alan Park 2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta 2012 Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Halverson, John 1987 Art for Art’s Sake in the Paleolithic. Current Anthropology, Feb., 1987, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Feb., 1987), pp. 63-89.   Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Janson, H. W. and Anthony F. Janson 1987 A Basic History of Art (Third Edition). Harry N. Abrams, New York, NY. Keane, Tim 2019 Seeing Ourselves in a Chimpanzee’s Art. Hyperallergic, December 14, 2019, hyperallergic.com/532725/congo-the-chimpanzee-the-birth-of-art-at-the-mayor-gallery/.   Mann, Jon 2017 How Duchamp’s Urinal Changed Art Forever. Artsy.net, May 9, 2017, www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-duchamps-urinal-changed-art-forever   Mather, George 2021 The Psychology of Art. Routledge, Abingdon, UK.   Mayor Gallery 2019 Congo the Chimpanzee (Press Release). Mayor Gallery, www.mayorgallery.com/ exhibitions/549-congo-the-chimpanzee-the-birth-of-art/.   Mithen, Steven 1996 The Prehistory of the Mind: A Search for the Origins of Art, Religion, and Science. Phoenix, London, UK.   Mullins, Charlotte 2022 A Little History of Art. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.    New World Encyclopedia 2024 Art for Art’s Sake. New World Encyclopedia, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/ entry/Art_for_art%27s_sake#:~:text="Art%20for%20art%27s%20sake"%20is%20the%20usual%20English,became%20a%20bohemian%20slogan%20during%20the%20nineteenth%20century.   Pringle, Zorana Ivcevic 2023 Your Brain on Art. Psychology Today, March 7, 2023, www.psychologytoday.com /us/blog/creativity-the-art-and-science/202303/your-brain-on-art.   Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn 2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.   Stokstad, Marilyn 1995 Art History (Volume One). Prentice Hall, Inc. and Harry N. Abrams, Upper Saddle River, NJ.   Sullivan, Marisa 2022 Pink Spends Thousands on Abstract ‘Masterpiece’ Painted by Chimps Ahead of Miami Art Exhibit. People, November 30, 2022, people.com/pets/pink-spends-thousands-on-art-painted-by-chimps-ahead-of-miami-art-basel/.   Winner, Ellen 2019 How Art Works: A Psychological Exploration. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.   Young, Damon 2016 It Is and It Isn’t. Aeon, September 22, 2016, aeon.co/essays/how-can-duchamp-s-fountain-be-both-art-and-not-art.

Get ready to catch some Z’s as The Two Humans grab their blankies and pillows and head to the bedroom to see what’s so exhausting about sleep. Episode 45: Sawing Logs and Hitting Hay, The Exhausting Labor of Sleep An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans   Resources: Akerstedt, Torbjorn 2006 Psychosocial Stress and Impaired Sleep. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, & Health, December 2006, Vol. 32, No. 6 (December 2006), pp. 493-501.   Breus, Michael J. 2015 Why Do We Dream? Psychology Today, February 13, 2015, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sleep-newzzz/201502/why-do-we-dream.   Cleveland Clinic 2024 Night Vision. Cleveland Clinic (website), my.clevelandclinic.org/health/ articles/24309-night-vision. 2024 Sleep. Cleveland Clinic (website), my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/12148-sleep-basics. 2024 Yawning. Cleveland Clinic (website), my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/yawning.   Drerup, Michelle 2022 Why Do We Dream? Cleveland Clinic (website), August 17, 2022, health.clevelandclinic.org/why-do-we-dream.   Eagleman, David and Don Vaughn 2020 Why Do We Dream? A New Theory on How It Protects Our Brains. Time, December 29, 2020, time.com/5925206/why-do-we-dream/.   Ekirch, A. Roger 2005 At Day’s Close: A History of Nighttime. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, UK. Gupta, Sharat and Shallu Mittal 2013 Yawning and Its Physiological Significance. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research, 2013, January-June; 3(1), pp. 11-15.   Johns Hopkins Medicine 2024 The Science of Sleep: Understanding What Happens When You Sleep. Johns Hopkins Medicine (website), www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/the-science-of-sleep-understanding-what-happens-when-you-sleep.   Leschziner, Guy 2019 The Nocturnal Brain: Nightmares, Neuroscience, and the Secret World of Sleep. St. Martin’s Griffin, New York, NY.   McLain, Roberta 2023 Why Do We Dream? Maybe to Ensure We Can Literally “See” the World upon Awakening. Scientific American, December 12, 2023, www.scientificamerican. com/article/why-do-we-dream-maybe-to-ensure-we-can-literally-see-the-world-upon-awakening.   Miller, Kenneth 2023 Mapping the Darkness: The Visionary Scientists Who Unlocked the Mysteries of Sleep. Hachette Books, New York, NY.   National Institutes of Health 2024 Why Is Sleep Important? National Institutes of Health (website), www.nhlbi.nih. gov/health/sleep/why-sleep-important#:~:text.   Provine, Robert R. 2005 Yawning: The Yawn Is Primal, Unstoppable, and Contagious, Revealing the Evolutionary and Neural Basis of Empathy and Unconscious Behavior. American Scientist, November-December 2005, Vol. 93, No. 6 (November-December 2005), pp. 532-539.   Quante, Mirja, Sara Mariani, Jia Weng, Catherine R. Marinac, et al. 2018 Zeitgebers and their Association with Rest-Activity Patterns. Chronobiology International, October 26, 2018, 36(2), pp. 203-213.   Reiss, Benjamin 2017 Wild Nights: How Taming Sleep Created Our Restless World. Basic Books, New York, NY.    Restworks 2024 22 Famous Nappers: How Napping Was These People’s Key to Success. Restworks (website), rest.works/en/article/famous-nappers-in-history/.   Roblin, Sebastien 2017 Puerto Rican Assassins Nearly Caught Pres. Harry Truman in His Underwear. War Is Boring, November 20, 2017, warisboring.com/amateur-assassins-trying-to-strike-a-blow-for-puerto-rican-independence-nearly-caught-pres-harry-truman-in-his-underwear/.   Tucker, Aimee 2013 Mark Twain Bed / Local Treasure. New England, July 22, 2013, newengland.com/yankee/magazine/mark-twain-bed/.   Woolston, Chris 2024 Why Do We Sleep? Researchers Propose an Answer to This Age-Old Question. Washington University (website), January 9, 2024, artsci.wustl.edu/ampersand/ why-do-we-sleep-researchers-propose-answer-age-old-question.  

Calling all sugar babies and salty dogs! Grab your sodas and chips and listen while The Two Humans binge on the history of salt and sugar. My tummy doesn’t feel so good… Episode 44:  How Sweet It Is (and Salty)! The Taste of Being Human An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Aronson, Marc and Marina Budhos 2010 Sugar Changed the World: A Story of Magic, Spice, Slavery, Freedom, and Science. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY.   Bailin, Deborah, Gretchen Goldman, and Pallavi Phartiyal 2014 Sugar-Coating Science: How the Food Industry Misleads Consumers on Sugar. Union of Concerned Scientists, pp. 1-20.   Cook, Nancy R., Feng J. He, Graham A. MacGregor, and Niels Graudal 2020 Sodium and Health—Concordance and Controversy. BMJ, June 26, 2020, www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2440.   Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 2024 Sodium in Your Diet. FDA website, www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-education-resources-materials/sodium-your-diet#:~:text=Know%20Your%20Numbers&text= Americans%20eat%20on%20average%20about,recommended%20limits%20are%20even%20lower.   Freeman, Clara R., Amna Zehra, Veronica Ramirez, Corinde E. Wiers, et al. 2018 Impact of Sugar on the Body, Brain, and Behavior. Frontiers in Bioscience, (Landmark Edition), 23, June 1, 2018, pp. 2255-2266, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 29772560/.   Goldman, Gretchen, Christina Carlson, Deborah Bailin, Lindsey Fong, et al. 2014 The Evidence on Added Sugar and Our Health. Union of Concerned Scientists, pp. 4-5.   Goodreads 2024 Jean-Paul Sartre Quotes. Goodreads (website), www.goodreads.com/quotes/ 119103-a-kiss-without-a-moustache-they-said-then-is-like.   Gravina, Stephen A., Gregory L. Yep, and Mehmood Khan 2013 Human Biology of Taste. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2013, May-June; 33(3), pp. 217-222, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078535/.   Higman, B. W. 2000 The Sugar Revolution. The Economic History Review, May, 2000, New Series, Vol. 53, No. 2 (May, 2000), pp. 213-236.   History.com Editors 2022 Salt March. History.com, August 29, 2022, www.history.com/topics/asian-history/salt-march.   Jakle, John A. 1969 Salt on the Ohio Valley Frontier, 1770-1820. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Dec., 1969, Vol. 59, No. 4 (Dec., 1969), pp. 687-709.   Kenny, Colin 2012 An Egg without Salt. The University Times, January 18, 2012, universitytimes.ie/ 2012/01/an-egg-without-salt/.   Kurlansky, Mark 2002 Salt: A World History. Penguin Books, New York, NY.   Laszlo, Pierre 2001 Salt: Grain of Life (Mary Beth Mader, trans.). HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY.   McDougall, E. Ann 1990 Salts of the Western Sahara: Myths, Mysteries, and Historical Significance. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 1990, Vol. 23, No. 2 (1990), pp. 231-257.   Mente, Andrew, Martin O’Donnell, and Salim Yusuf 2021 Sodium Intake and Health: What Should We Recommend Based on the Current Evidence? Nutrients, 2021 September; 13(9): 3232, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 34579105/.   Mintz, Sidney W. 1985 Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History. Penguin Books, New York, NY.   Ninomiya, Kumiko 2015 Science of Umami Taste: Adaptation to Gastronomic Culture. Flavour, January 26, 2015, flavourjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2044-7248-4-13.   Nosrat, Samin 2017 Salt Fat Acid Heat. Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.   Polan, Dana 2002 Salt. Gastronomica, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Fall 2002), pp. 90-97.   Renfew, Colin and Paul Bahn 2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition).Thames & Hudson Inc., New York, NY   Salzwelten Hallstatt 2024 Archaeology – 7000 Years of History. Salzwelten Hallstatt (website), www.salzwelten.at/en/blog/hallstatt-archaeology.   Seki, Katsuhisa 2015 Japanese Proverbs. JTB Blogs USA, August 28, 2015, blog.jtbusa.com/ japanese-proverbs-ao-wa-ai-yori-idete-ai-yori-aoshi-asameshi-mae-no-shigoto-asa-oki-wa-san-mon-no-toku/#:~:text=Aona%20ni%20shio.&text.   Sharma, Arun, S. Amarnath, M. Thulasimani, and S. Ramaswamy 2016 Artificial Sweeteners as a Sugar Substitute: Are They Really Safe? Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2016, May-June; 48(3), pp. 237-240, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4899993/.    

Double, double, toil and trouble! The Two Humans grab their wands and broomsticks and fly off to discover the truth about witches and witch hunts. Episode 43: Bewitched, Bothered and Burnt: The Honest Truth about Witch Hunts An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans   Resources: Ben-Yehuda, Nachman 1980 The European Witch Craze of the 14th to 17th Centuries: A Sociologist’s Perspective. American Journal of Sociology, Jul., 1980, Vol. 86, No. 1 (Jul., 1980), pp. 1-31.   Caporael, Linnda R. 1976 Ergotism: The Satan Loosed in Salem? Science, New Series, Vol. 192, No. 4234   Chollet, Mona 2022 In Defense of Witches: The Legacy of Witch Hunts and Why Women are Still on Trial (Helen Weaver, trans.). St. Martin’s Griffin, New York, NY.   Combs, Josiah Henry 1914 Sympathetic Magic in the Kentucky Mountains: Some Curious Folk-Survivals. The Journal of American Folklore, Jul.-Sep., 1914, Vol. 27, No. 105 (Jul.-Sep., 1914), pp. 328-330.   Gibson, Marion 2023 Witchcraft: A History in Thirteen Trials. Scribner, New York, NY.   Harold, Laura 2023 Magical Thinking in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Verywell Mind, January 3, 2023, www.verywellmind.com/magical-thinking-in-generalized-anxiety-disorder-4151291.   Lovering, Cathy 2022 Demystifying Magical Thinking. PsychCentral, April 16, 2022, psychcentral.com/ health/magical-thinking. Mackay, Christopher S.  2006 The Hammer of Witches: A Complete Translation of the Malleus Maleficarum. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.   Matossian, Mary K. 1982 Views: Ergot and the Salem Witchcraft Affair: An Outbreak of a Type of Food Poisoning Known as Convulsive Ergotism May Have Led to the 1692 Accusations of Witchcraft. American Scientist, July-August 1982, Vol. 70, No. 4 (July-August 1982), pp. 355-357.   Paste Staff 2023 The 30 Best Movies about Witches. Paste Magazine, October 16, 2023, www.pastemagazine.com/movies/witches/the-25-best-movies-about-witches.   Roach, Marilynne K. 2002 The Salem Witch Trials: A Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Community under Siege. Taylor Trade Publishing, Lanham, MD.   Schoeneman, Thomas J. 1975 The Witch Hunt as a Culture Change Phenomenon. Ethos, Winter, 1975, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Winter 1975), pp. 529-554.   Simmons, Marc 1980 Witchcraft in the Southwest: Spanish and Indian Supernaturalism on the Rio Grande. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE.   Snow, Loudell 1979 Mail Order Magic: The Commercial Exploitation of Folk Belief. Journal of the Folklore Institute, Jan. - Aug., 1979, Vol. 16, No. 1/2 (Jan. – Aug., 1979), pp. 44-74.   Wilgorin, Jodi 1999 Don’t Give Us Little Wizards, The Anti-Potter Parents Cry. The New York Times, November 1, 1999, www.nytimes.com/1999/11/01/us/don-t-give-us-little-wizards-the-anti-potter-parents-cry.html.   Yu, Mallory 2020 Opinion: Harry Potter’s Magic Fades When His Creator Tweets. NPR, June 10, 2020

The Two Humans follow in the footsteps of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson as they investigate the history of forensic anthropology. Episode 42: Forensic Anthropology in Action OR If Professor Plum Dies, How Long before He Becomes a Professor Prune? An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Bass, Bill and Jon Jefferson 2003 Death’s Acre. Berkley Books, New York, NY.   Burns, Karen Ramey 2013 Forensic Anthropology Training Manual (Third Edition). Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.    Byers, Steven N. 2011 Forensic Anthropology (Fourth Edition). Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.   Center for the History of Medicine 2023 Thomas Dwight. Center for the History of Medicine, Harvard Countway Library (website), collections.countway.harvard.edu/onview/exhibits/show/nature-of-every-member/thomas-dwight.   Chicagology 2023 1897—Sausage Vat Murder. Chicagology (website), chicagology.com/notorious-chicago/sausagevatmurder/.   Cleveland Police Museum 2020 Criminal Identification: The Bertillon System. Cleveland Police Museum (website), April 7, 2020, www.clevelandpolicemuseum.org/historical/criminal-identification-the-bertillion-system/.   Corrieri, Brigida and Nicholas Marquez-Grant 2015 What Do Bones Tell Us? The Study of Human Skeletons from the Perspective of Forensic Anthropology. Science Progress (1933 - ), Vol. 98, No. 4 (2015), pp. 391-402.   Dutchen, Stepanie 2013 Head of the Class: Giant Skull and Foot Models Donated to Warren Anatomical Museum. Harvard Medical School (website), November 21, 2013, hms.harvard.edu/news/head-class.   Eschner, Kat 2017 William R. Maples Popularized Forensic Anthropology Long Before CSI. Smithsonian Magazine, August 7, 2017, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/william-r-maples-popularized-forensic-anthropology-long-csi-180964317/.   Flower, Amanda 2018 What Exactly Is a Cozy Mystery? Publishers Weekly, May 18, 2018. www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/tip-sheet/article/76834-the-enduring-appeal-of-the-cozy-mystery.html.   Fosdick, Raymond B. 1915 The Passing of the Bertillon System of Identification. Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, Sep., 1915, Vol. 6, No. 3 (Sep., 1915), pp. 363-369.   Hogan, Corinne 2019 Murder in the Medical School: The Parkman-Webster Case, Boston 1849-1850. Royal College of Surgeons of England (website), April 12, 2019, www.rcseng.ac.uk/library-and-publications/library/blog/murder-in-the-medical-school/.   Killgrove, Kristina 2016 How a Harvard Doctor’s Sordid Murder Launched Modern Forensic Anthropology. Forbes, August 26, 2016, www.forbes.com/sites/kristinakillgrove/ 2016/08/26/how-a-harvard-doctors-sordid-murder-launched-modern-forensic-anthropology/?sh=40b7bdaebe9f .   Manheim, Mary H. 1999 The Bone Lady. Penguin Books, New York, NY.   PBS 2003 The Murder of Dr. Parkman. American Experience, July 14, 2003, www.pbs.org/ wgbh/americanexperience/features/murder-dr-parkman/.   Popovici, Alice 2023 The Game Clue Was Borne of Boredom During WWII Air-Raid Blackouts. History.com, October 16, 2023, www.history.com/news/clue-game-origin-wwii.   Snow, Clyde Collins 1982 Forensic Anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 1982, Vol. 11 (1982), pp. 97-131.   Whipple, Amy 2023 Forensic Anthropology Tools of the Trade. PBS, October 9, 2023, www.pbs.org/ independentlens/blog/forensic-anthropology-tools-of-the-trade/.  

Hey, Grandpa, what’s for supper?! The Two Humans try to keep it “tasteful” as they discuss the history of cannibalism. We’ll provide the fava beans, you bring the chianti. Episode 41: Man—It’s What’s for Dinner An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Avramescu, Catalin 2009 An Intellectual History of Cannibalism (Alistair Ian Blyth, trans.). Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.   Benjamin, Kathy 2013 Funerals to Die For: The Craziest, Creepiest, and Most Bizarre Funeral Traditions and Practices Ever. Adams Media, Avon MA.   Byard, Roger W. 2023 Cannibalism—Overview and Medicolegal Issues. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, Vol. 19(2), pp. 281-287, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC10328901/.   Camping-Harris, Marnie 2023 Cannibal King: What Exactly Were the King’s Drops? Retrospect Journal, February 19, 2023, retrospectjournal.com/2023/02/19/cannibal-king-what-exactly-were-the-kings-drops/.   Charnock, Richard Stephen 1866 Cannibalism in Europe. Journal of Anthropological Society of London, 1866, Vol. 4 (1866), pp. xxii-xxxi.   Chen, Angus 2017 Cannibalism: It’s ‘Perfectly Natural,’ A New Scientific History Argues. NPR, February 22, 2017, www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/02/22/515668867/ cannibalism-its-perfectly-natural-a-new-scientific-history-argues.   Eckholm, Erik 1986 What Is the Meaning of Cannibalism? The New York Times, December 9, 1986, www.nytimes.com/1986/12/09/science/what-is-the-meaning-of-cannibalism.html.   Feder, Kenneth L.  and Michael Alan Park 2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Hardon, Henry Winthrop 1886 The Case of the Mignonette. The Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute, Vol. 12/2/37, www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1886/april/case-mignonette.   King, C. Richard 2000 The (Mis)Uses of Cannibalism in Contemporary Cultural Critique. Diacritics, Spring, 2000, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Spring, 2000), pp. 106-123.   Lindenbaum, Shirley 2004 Thinking about Cannibalism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2004, Vol. 33 (2004), pp. 475-498.   May, Natasha and Sharlotte Thou 2024 Kuru: Unravelling the Mystery that Left Entire Papua New Guinean Villages without Women. The Guardian, March 23, 2024, www.theguardian.com/world/ 2024/mar/24/tremors-before-death-unravelling-the-mystery-disease-that-left-entire-papua-new-guinean-villages-without-women?ref=upstract.com.   New England Historical Society 2023 The Boon Island Cannibals of Maine. The New England Historical Society, newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-boon-island-cannibals-of-maine/.   Petrinovich, Lewis 2000 The Cannibal Within. Taylor & Francis Group, Abingdon, UK.   Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn 2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.   Roberts, Alice 2018 Evolution: The Human Story (Second Edition). Dorling Kindersley, New York, NY.   Schutt, Bill  2018 Cannibalism: A Perfectly Natural History. Algonquin Books, Chapel Hill, NC.   Thomas, Ben 2017 Eating People Is Wrong—But It’s Also Widespread and Sacred. SAPIENS, April 20, 2017, www.sapiens.org/biology/cannibalism-ritualized-sacred/.   Walters, Donna K. H. 1992 Beef Goes Back to Basics: New Advertising Shrugs Off Nutrition, Stresses Convenience. The Los Angeles Times, August 1, 1992, www.latimes.com/ archives/ la-xpm-1992-08-01-fi-4336-story.html.   Wetmore, Jr., Kevin J.  2021 Eaters of the Dead: Myths and Realities of Cannibal Monsters. Reaktion Books Ltd., London, UK.   Worrall, Simon 2017 Cannibalism—the Ultimate Taboo—Is Surprisingly Common. National Geographic, February 19, 2017, www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/ cannibalism-common-natural-history-bill-schutt.

To celebrate their 40th episode, The Two Humans have an authentic Roman orgy…of food! Togas NOT required (in fact, they’re downright discouraged). Episode 40: Pour Some Garum on Me An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Brown, Shelby 2012 Reclining and Dining (and Drinking) in Ancient Rome. Getty Iris, August 10, 2012, blogs.getty.edu/iris/reclining-and-dining-and-drinking-in-ancient-rome/.   Castleman, Michael 2018 Orgies through the Ages. Psychology Today, September 4, 2018, www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/all-about-sex/201809/orgies-through-the-ages.   Chrystal, Paul 2017 In Bed with the Romans. Amberley Publishing, Gloucestershire, UK.   Curry, Andrew 2008 The Gladiator Diet. Archaeology, November/December 2008, Vol. 61, No. 6 (November/December 2008), pp. 28-30.   De Rubeis, Marco Gavio 2020 Ancient Roman Cooking: Ingredients, Recipes, Sources. I Doni delle Muse – Historical Italian Cooking, Coppell, TX.   Duffy, Susanna 2022 Six Ancient Roman Recipes. Delishably, December 9, 2022, delishably.com/ world-cuisine/ancient-food-rome.   Iacob, Anisia 2022 Food and Culinary Customs in Ancient Rome. The Collector, March 24, 2022, www.thecollector.com/food-in-ancient-rome/.   Janssen, Ursula 2020 Garum: Recipes from the Past. Independently Published, Coppell, TX.   Marchetti, Silvia 2023 Lying Down and Vomiting between Courses: This Is How Ancient Romans Would Feast. CNN, December 24, 2023, edition.cnn.com/style/how-ancient-romans-feasted/index.html.   Martyris, Nina 2019 The Lavish Roman Banquet: A Calculated Display of Debauchery and Power. NPR, May 20, 2019, www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/05/20/712772285/the-lavish-roman-banquet-a-calculated-display-of-debauchery-and-power.   Masters, Steven 2023 Gastronomical Time Travel. JAM Cookbook Publishers, Coppell, TX.   Matyszak, Philip 2007 Ancient Rome on 5 Denarii a Day. Thames & Hudson Ltd., London, UK.   Migdol, Erin 2020 What Did Ancient Romans Eat? Getty Iris, November 20, 2020, www.getty.edu/ news/what-did-ancient-romans-eat/.   Raff, Katharine 2011 The Roman Banquet. MetMuseum.org, October 2011, www.metmuseum. org/toah/hd/banq/hd_banq.htm.   Raimer, Carla 2000 Ancient Roman Recipes. Nova, October 31, 2000, www.pbs.org/ wgbh/nova/article/roman-recipes/.   Sheldon, Natasha 2022 Ancient Roman Dining. History and Archaeology Online, July 21, 2022, historyandarchaeologyonline.com/ancient-roman-dining/.   Tavola Mediterranea 2023 Pistrinum by Tavola Mediterranea (website), tavolamediterranea.com /2022/04/19/pistrinum/.   Visser, Margaret 1991 The Rituals of Dinner: The Origins, Evolution, Eccentricities and Meaning of Table Manners. Grove Weidenfeld, New York, NY.  

The Two Humans get totally stoned as they travel back in time to see what made prehistoric toolmakers so brilliant. Safety glasses and leather gloves required! Episode 39: And It Stoned Me Just Like Jelly Roll, The Mind-Blowing Genius of Prehistoric Stone Tools An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Resources: Ambrose, Stanley H.  2010 Coevolution of Composite-Tool Technology, Constructive Memory, and Language: Implications for the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior. Current Anthropology, Vol. 51, Working Memory: Beyond Language and Symbolism (June 2010), pp. S135-S147. Balter, Michael 2015 World’s Oldest Stone Tools Discovered in Kenya. Science, April 14, 2015, www.science.org/content/article/world-s-oldest-stone-tools-discovered-kenya. Bradley, Bruce  1999 Flintknapping with Bruce Bradley [DVD]. Interpark, Inc. Cotterell, Brian and Johan Kaminga 1987 The Formation of Flakes. American Antiquity, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Oct., 1987), pp. 675-708. De la Torre, Ignacio 2011 The Origins of Stone Tool Technology in Africa: A Historical Perspective. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, April 12, 2011; 366 (1567), pp. 1028-1037, royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rstb.2010.0350. Feder, Kenneth L.  and Michael Alan Park 2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Frison, George C. 1989 Experimental Use of Clovis Weaponry and Tools on African Elephants. American Antiquity, Oct., 1989, Vol. 54, No. 4 (Oct., 1989), pp. 766-784. Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore 2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, Abingdon, UK. Greenfield, Haskel J. 2006 Slicing Cut Marks on Animal Bones: Diagnostics for Identifying Stone Tool Type and Raw Material. Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Summer 2006), pp. 147-163. Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA. Huber, Chris 2023 The Meaning of Van Morrison’s ‘And It Stoned Me.’ Extra Chill, April 1, 2023, extrachill.com/van-morrison-and-it-stoned-me-meaning. Kottak, Conrad Phillip  2011 Cultural Appreciation: Appreciating Cultural Diversity (Fourteenth Edition). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Louys, Julien and Thomas Plummer 2023 We Found 2.9-million-year-old Stone Tools Used to Butcher Ancient Hippos – But Likely Not by Our Ancestors. The Leakey Foundation, February 10, 2023, leakeyfoundation.org/we-found-2-9-million-year-old-stone-tools/. Little, Rebecca 2024 The Meaning Behind the Song: And It Stoned Me. Old Time Music, February 9, 2024, oldtimemusic.com/w3/the-meaning-behind-the-song-it-stoned-me-by-van-morrison/. Metcalfe, Tom 2023 3-million-year-old Stone Tools Found, and Our Ancestors Likely Didn’t Make Them. National Geographic, February 10, 2023, www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/ history-and-civilisation/2023/02/3-million-year-old-stone-tools-found-and-our-ancestors-likely-didnt-make-them. Patterson, Leland w. 1983 Criteria for Determining the Attributes of Man-Made Lithics. Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 297-307. Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn 2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames & Hudson, New York, NY. Roberts, Alice 2018 Evolution: The Human Story (Second Edition). Dorling Kindersley, New York, NY. Toth, Nicholas and Kathy Schick 2009 The Oldowan: The Tool Making of Early Hominins and Chimpanzees Compared. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2009, Vol. 38 (2009), pp. 289-298. Whittaker, John C. 1994 Flintknapping: Making & Understanding Stone Tools. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX.  

Is it possible for a 2000-year-old statue to be “hot”? The Two Humans put on their trench coats and head to the art museum to find out the real reason we’re not allowed to fondle—I mean, touch—the artwork. Episode 38: “Can’t You Make Him a Pair of Marble Underwear?” Is It Art or Is It Pornography? An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans   Resources: Artfinder 2024 So, What’s the Difference between Art and Porn? Artfinder, accessed March 2, 2024, www.artfinder.com/blog/post/art-vs-porn/#/.   Cohen, Alina 2018 What’s the Line between Art and Pornography? Artsy.net, April 3, 2018, www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-art-pornography.   Dennis, Kelly 2009 Art/Porn: A History of Seeing and Touching. Berg, Oxford, UK.   Eko, Lyombe 2016 The Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery: From Clay Tablets to Tablet Computers. Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, UK.   Hunt, Lynn 1993 Introduction: Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity, 1500-1800. The Invention of Pornography: Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity, 1500-1800 (ed. Lynn Hunt). Zone Books, New York.    Jones, Stefanie Dion 2009 Art or Porn? Professor’s Book Suggests Distinction Not Always Clear. UConn Today, October 6, 2009, today.uconn.edu/2009/10/art-or-porn-professor’s-book-suggests-distinction-not-always-clear/.   Kim, Juliana 2023 A Principal Is Fired, Invited to Italy after Students Are Shown Michelangelo’s ‘David.’ NPR, March 27, 2023, www.npr.org/2023/03/27/1166079167/ tallahassee-classical-michelangelo-david-principal-fired.   Laqueur, Thomas 2003 Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation. Zone Books, New York, NY.   Nead, Lynda 1990 The Female Nude: Pornography, Art, and Sexuality. Signs, Winter, 1990, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Winter, 1990), pp. 323-335. 1992 The Female Nude: Art, Obscenity and Sexuality. Routledge, London, UK.   Professor Lise 2019 Art 101: What’s the Difference between Porn and Art? CBC, March 19, 2019, www.cbc.ca/arts/art-101-what-s-the-difference-between-porn-and-art-1.5062752.   Rea, Michael C. 2001 What is Pornography? Nous, Mar., 2001, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Mar., 2001), pp. 118-145.   The Gallerist 2020 What Is the Difference between Art, Erotica, and Pornography? The Gallerist, April 8, 2020, thegallerist.art/sacred-sexuality-erotica-vs-pornography/.   Yang, Maya 2023 Florida Principal Resigns after Parents Decry Michelangelo’s David as Pornography. The Guardian, March 25, 2023, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/mar/25/florida-principal-resigns-michelangelo-david.