China Observers

Between facial recognition and AI-generated faces, what is special about facial technologies in China ? And what is the future of faces in China?This episode explores the cultural and political implications of face-related technologies in China, including facial recognition, AI-generated faces, and biometric surveillance, with insights from scholars Margaret Hillenbrand and Xuenan Cao.#China #Beijing #facial #recognition #AI #surveillance #socialmedia #legislation #culture #politics #Asia

China feeds 20% of the world with just 9% of global arable land. In this episode, we explore China's food security challenges, the impact of geopolitical tensions, environmental issues, and technological innovations in agriculture.Host: Emma BelmonteGuest: Genevieve Donnellon-MayRead Genevieve's articles for CHOICE hereRead all of CHOICE's articles on our ⁠website#China #Beijing #geopolitics #climate #foodsecurity #agriculture , #GM #climatechange #Xijinping #technology

Are you at a very Chinese time in your life ? In this episode Host Emma Belmonte welcomes two guests Zeyi Yang and Jessica Imbach to explore the Chinamaxxing trend, its origins, societal reactions, and implications for cultural perception and soft power.Read all of CHOICE's articles on our ⁠websitePaulína Ovečková's article about chinamaxxing here#ChinaMaxxing #China #Beijing #Socialmedia #CulturalExchange #TikTokTrends #ChinaCulture #GlobalConversation #Chinesebaddy #Beingchinese

What form do China’s information manipulation and influence activities take in Europe ? What narratives do they push ?  How do they reach European audiences ? What is there to learn from the specific case of Poland and the Czech Republic ? Alicja  Bachulska (ECFR) and Konrad Szatters (AMO) discuss their recent policy brief “Borrowed mouths and laundered messages: China’s influence playbook in Europe”.Read all of CHOICE's articles on our ⁠website⁠#China #foreigninfluence #Europe #EU  #FIMI #disinformation #policy

What does this year hold for China-EU relations? In this episode of China Observers, host Emma Belmonte speaks with Etienne Soula about the evolving dynamics between the European Union and China in 2026. They discuss the impact of recent US developments on European perceptions of China, the significance of bilateral visits by European leaders, and the challenges posed by Germany's economic relationship with China. The conversation also covers the EU's new economic security agenda, trade disputes, cybersecurity threats, and concerns regarding Chinese ownership of critical infrastructure. Additionally, they touch on the diminishing focus on human rights issues in EU-China relations and conclude with reflections on the uncertain future of these interactions.Read all of CHOICE's articles on our website#China #EU #economic #security # economy #trade #tariffs #cybersecurity #critical #infrastructure #humanrights #IAA #IndustrialAcceleratorAct #EuropeanUnion #geopolitics #US #2026

What are the implications of China's presence in the Western Balkans when it comes to EU enlargement ? The conversation delves into China's strategic investments, the varying degrees of engagement with different countries in the region, and the backlash against certain projects. Vladimir Shopov (ECFR) discusses with host Emma Belmonte the evolving nature of China's approach, the EU's response to Chinese influence, and the implications for EU accession processes. Read Vladimir Shopov's policy brief here: Eyes wide shut: How to read China’s playbook in the Western BalkansTo read more on this, here are some of CHOICE's articles on the topic: The Environmental Impact of Chinese Projects in the Western Balkans “Win Some, Lose Some”: China’s Involvement in the Extractive and Raw Materials Industries in the Western Balkans China’s Aid in the Western Balkans: Supporting Development, Undermining Good Governance#China #WesternBalkans #EU #EUaccession #BRI #BeltandRoadInitiative #Chineseinvestments #infrastructure, #politics #europeanpolitics #europe #china-europe #China-EU #civilsociety #accession #enlargement #geopolitics

What do you know about the climate crisis in Tibet ? Dr. Lobsang Yangtso discusses the impact of hydropower dams, the concept of green colonialism, and the resilience of Tibetan nomads in protecting their land and culture. The dialogue highlights the importance of Tibet's natural resources to China and the often overlooked environmental costs associated with these developments.#Tibet #COP30 #climate #environment #dams #earthquakes #indigenousrights #hydropower #China #greenpolicies #Tibetannomads #colonialism

In an era where narratives shape perceptions, China is redefining how it tells its story on the international stage. In this episode, we explore the intricate strategies China employs to reshape its global image, moving from traditional propaganda to more engaging content tailored to local audiences. Host: Emma BelmonteGuests: Dr. David O'Brien and Joanna Nawrotkiewicz,#China #Beijing #ChinaCommunication #Geopolitics #GlobalNarratives #Media #SoftPower #Influencers #CGTN, #Diplomacy #International Relations.

Europeans have misunderstood the Sino-Russian friendship and its implications. But how can we change course ? This episode delve into the complex relationship between China and Russia, particularly in the context of the Ukraine war and European perceptions. In discussion with host Emma Belmonte, China-experts Ivana Karaskova (CHOICE) and Alicja Bachulska (ECFR) discuss how Central and Eastern European countries have a different understanding of this relationship compared to Western Europe, emphasising the mentality of fear that drives Chinese leadership. #China #Russia #Ukraine #EuropeanUnion #EU #geopolitics #foreign relations #security #diplomacy #authoritarianism, #internationalrelations

In this thought-provoking episode, we examine the geopolitical ripple effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine across the Indo-Pacific region, with special focus on China's diplomatic positioning and evolving Asian responses. Our expert guest unpacks the strategic realignment between Ukraine and South Korea as they navigate the challenges posed by deepening Russia-North Korea military cooperation. The conversation offers fresh insights into the emerging power dynamics reshaping security architecture across continents, revealing how new alliances between authoritarian states are transforming international relations in both Europe and Asia.This month's guest: Nataliya Butyrska is an independent expert on East Asia. She is an author of more than 100 analytical articles and reports on the issues of international relations with a special focus on the Indo-Pacific region and Ukraine's relations with Asian countries. She is also one of the co-chairs for our Women Insight on China Initiative. Links:https://zn.ua/eng/why-south-korea-is-still-afraid-to-provide-weapons-to-ukraine.html https://chinaobservers.eu/china-probes-the-ground-for-negotiations-in-the-russian-ukrainian-war/ https://chinaobservers.eu/ukraines-futile-struggle-to-win-chinas-support-over-the-russian-aggression/ https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-02-24/national/diplomacy/North-KoreaRussia-cooperation-escalates-global-threats-says-Ukrainian-ambassador-to-Seoul/2248927 https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3809763-ukraine-should-explore-closer-ties-with-south-korea-in-face-of-russiadprk-cooperation-expert.html 

In this episode, we dive into the challenges and opportunities of hosting a pan-cultural podcast in China, exploring what resonates with the younger generation and the daily struggles they face. We discuss the unique experience of a Chinese journalist reporting to both Chinese and Western audiences, navigating the complexities of bridging these two worlds. The conversation also touches on the role of podcasts in fostering alternative spaces for discussing taboo topics, including feminist activism in China, and the changing media landscape. Finally, we explore how podcasts can serve as a less-censored medium for communication in an increasingly controlled environment.This month's guest: Ruohan Xie is an independent journalist and podcaster from China. She hosts and co-founded the award-winning podcast The Weirdos (不合时宜) with over a million subscribers. The podcast invites young Chinese experts to discuss current affairs and cultural topics. The podcast received the "Biggest New Shows of 2020 Award" from Apple Podcasts and featured in major media outlets such as The Economist, AFP, and Global Voices, for promoting progressive values in China. As a journalist, she has published in Wall Street Journal China, Initium Media, Sixth Tone, and Southern People Weekly covering subjects such as forced evictions in Beijing, the Ukraine War and the refugee crisis in Lebanon. She is a recipient of various journalism fellowships in Europe.Links:https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/asia/article/3140278/podcasts-burst-scene-china-despite-strict-media-controls https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1007626 https://www.economist.com/china/2020/08/27/podcasting-provides-a-space-for-free-thought-in-china https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2021/07/07/2003760444 

In this episode, we delve into the intricate and often tense relationship between Asia's two giants - China and India. Our expert guest unpacks the multifaceted challenges shaping this critical bilateral relationship, from the persistent Himalayan border disputes to strategic concerns over China's massive dam projects in Tibet and their potential weaponization of water resources. The conversation explores India's delicate diplomatic balancing act between competing power blocs, navigating its roles in both the China-led BRICS and the US-centered Quad alliance while maintaining its tradition of strategic autonomy. This geopolitical examination extends to India's cautious position on Taiwan and culminates with insights on how the return of Trump to the White House might reshape the triangular dynamics between Washington, Beijing, and New Delhi in an increasingly volatile Indo-Pacific region.This month's guest: Sriparna Pathak is an Associate Professor and Associate Dean of Admissions to Associate Dean of Careers at the Jindal School of International Affairs of O.P. Jindal Global University, Haryana, India. She teaches courses on Foreign Policy of China as well as Theories of International Relations. Her previous work experience covers Gauhati University, Don Bosco University; the Ministry of External Affairs, where she worked as a Consultant for the Policy Planning and Research Division, working on China’s domestic and foreign policies; think tanks like Observer Research Foundation in New Delhi and Kolkata respectively, South Asia Democratic Forum in Brussels where she is a Research Fellow and the Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research in New Delhi where she worked as a researcher. Show Notes:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f89b5uPPl3w https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/escalating-conflicts-between-china-and-the-us https://www.gmfus.org/news/status-and-trajectory-india-china-relations https://chinaglobalsouth.com/analysis/what-to-expect-from-china-india-relations-in-2025/ 

In this episode, we explore the growing presence of Chinese electric vehicle companies like BYD and Leapmotor in Europe, challenging the region’s automotive dominance despite efforts like EU tariffs. The story unfolds with Germany's industrial base grappling with the "second China shock," revealing how its overreliance on China has left it vulnerable in the face of shifting global dynamics. As Central and Eastern Europe finds itself caught between German supply chains and increasing Chinese influence, the episode delves into the consequences of this dependency and the tough choices facing these economies. We also explore how Europe is being forced to rethink its approach, shifting from a traditional market mindset to one that embraces system competitiveness, all while considering the potential creation of Special Economic Zones to safeguard the region’s future. It’s a story of shifting power, economic risks, and the evolving battle for industrial dominance in Europe. This episode belongs to the special series which is part of the collaboration between CHOICE, ECFR, and OSW. Janka Oertel is director of the Asia programme and a senior policy fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations. She previously worked as a senior fellow in the Asia programme at the German Marshall Fund of the United States’ Berlin office, where she focused on transatlantic China policy including on emerging technologies, Chinese foreign policy, and security in east Asia. Prior to joining the GMF, she served as a programme director at Körber Foundation’s Berlin office. She was also a visiting fellow at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP Berlin) and worked at United Nations Headquarters, New York, as a Carlo-Schmid fellow.Jakub Jakóbowski Deputy Director of the Centre for Eastern Studies (OSW) and the head of the China Department, having previosly served as the coordinator of the „Connectivity in Eurasia” project and a Senior Fellow on China’s economy. Formerly a Taiwan Fellow at Soochow University in Taipei and a European China Policy Fellow at the Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS). He holds a PhD in political science from the Warsaw School of Economics (SGH), based on a dissertation on China’s foreign economic policy towards the Global South. He gives lectures at the Warsaw University and the Warsaw School of Economics. Member of a number of international projects and associations, including the Think Visegrad, China Observers in Central Europe (CHOICE) and the Horizon 2020 EU-STRAT project.  Read their paper Electric shock: The Chinese threat to Europe’s industrial heartland here!

In this episode, we delve into the complexities of Sino-Russian intelligence cooperation, examining whether their partnership is truly boundless or if there are limits to their collaboration. We explore how historical experiences have influenced their contemporary intelligence strategies and the dynamics of their cooperation both before and after the Sino-Soviet rapprochement. Additionally, we discuss the independent nature of their respective intelligence agencies, the role of Taiwan in Russia's operations against China, and the intricacies of managing intelligence-related issues. Finally, we look at how their intelligence operations intersect in regions like the Indo-Pacific and Europe. This episode is part of our special series featuring Japanese thinkers and academics on current Indo-Pacific affairs and in the field of foreign and security policies. This month's guest: Sanshiro Hosaka is a Research Fellow at the International Centre for Defence and Security (ICDS) in Estonia. His current research interests include strategic narrative, disinformation, political technology, Soviet/Russian active measures, intelligence history, epistemic community, Sino-Russian relations, and Baltic security. Previously, he served as a Project Management Officer in the Japan-funded intergovernmental committees in the field of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus. He also worked at Japanese diplomatic missions in Dushanbe and Kyiv. Show notes:https://icds.ee/en/a-forbidden-zone-of-no-limits-friendship-possibilities-and-constraints-in-sino-russia/https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/china-russia-alignment-cooperation-ukraine-war-military-supplies-putin-xi-jinpin/ https://www.fpri.org/article/2024/11/intelligence-china-russia-information-operations-against-nato/ https://www.marshallcenter.org/en/publications/clock-tower-security-series/strategic-competition-seminar-series/russia-and-chinas-intelligence-and-information-operations-nexus 

Disclaimer: This episode has been recorded in February 2025.In this exploration of Lithuania's bold diplomatic stance on Taiwan, Lithuania’s former Foreign Minister, Gabrielius Landsbergis provides a first-hand account of navigating the complex geopolitical tensions between Beijing, Taipei, and Vilnius. The conversation examines China's escalating pressure tactics following Lithuania's controversial decision to open a Taiwanese representative office, offering valuable lessons for democracies confronting authoritarian coercion. Our guest analyzes the strategic linkages between Russia's war in Ukraine and Indo-Pacific security challenges, evaluating NATO's evolving approach to China and questioning whether Western powers are sending appropriate deterrence signals. The episode delivers rare insights into how smaller democratic nations can shape international relations while navigating the increasingly interconnected security challenges across Europe and Asia.This month's guest: Gabrielius Landsbergis is a Lithuanian politician and diplomat who served as Lithuania’s Minister of Foreign Affairs from December 2020 until November 2024. Links: https://geopolitique.eu/en/2025/01/14/a-conversation-with-gabrielius-landsbergis-lithuanias-former-minister-of-foreign-affairs/ https://kyivindependent.com/us-russia-talks-are-the-last-warning-for-europe-gabrielius-landsbergis-says/ https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2423737/nato-must-draw-red-lines-for-russia-over-hybrid-attacks-lithuanian-fm https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/resilience-resolve-lessons-lithuanias-experience-chinese-economic-coercion https://globaltaiwan.org/2022/07/lithuanias-confrontation-with-china-over-taiwan-lessons-from-a-small-country/ 

When discussing Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, we often focus on its broader, pan-European implications. In doing so, we sometimes overlook the profound local impact on Ukrainian communities, with individual stories only occasionally reaching the mainstream. How has the war affected the Ukrainian people as a nation, and how are they coping? What has Ukraine discovered about the so-called "Axis of Evil" warfare alliance through its analysis of Russian military technology? How does China support the Russian military? We explore these questions - and much more - with Kateryna Musiienko.This month's guest: Kateryna Musiienko is a Senior Foreign Policy Expert at the National Interests Advocacy Network (ANTS), Kremenchuk City Council Member, and the Deputy Head of the Committee for Foreign Relations, Education, and Youth. Kateryna is a former Advisor to Andrius Kubilius, a Member of the European Parliament, and former advisor to the Head of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Ukrainian Parliament. She is a founder of the Ukraine Development Center NGO, which focuses on local European projects and reconstruction. She holds master’s degrees from the University of Oxford, the University of Passau, and the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.

As China continues to speak about "peaceful reunification" while raising regional tensions, and Donald Trump's new administration takes full effect, Japan faces growing uncertainty. Despite maintaining a strong working relationship with president Trump during his first term, Japan can no longer fully count on U.S. military intervention. What does this mean for Japan’s future, and what steps will it take next?This month's guest: Nobushige Takamizawa is currently Visiting Professor at the University of Tokyo. Before coming back to Tokyo, he served as Ambassador of Japan to the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva from December 2016 to January 2020. Between 2013 and 2016, he worked for the Cabinet Secretariat as Assistant Chief Cabinet Secretary and Deputy Secretary-General of the National Security Secretariat (NSS), and Director-General of the National Centre for Incident Readiness and Strategy for Cybersecurity (NISC). He joined the Ministry of Defense in 1978 and has taken various positions in MOD including Director-General of the Bureau of Defense Policy and President of the National Institute for Defense Studies (NIDS).

Since Xi Jinping's rise to power, China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) has been undergoing extensive reforms. From increasing defense spending, to investing in new technological capabilities and learning from Russia's war in Ukraine, China has been set on transforming its military into a top-tier force. In this episode, Meia Nouwens discusses China's road to military modernization under Xi Jinping as China's President as well as the chairman of the Central Military Commission. This month's guest:Meia Nouwens is a Senior Fellow for Chinese Security and Defence Policy at IISS, specializing in China’s defence industry, military innovation, and regional strategic affairs. She leads research on China’s Digital Silk Road and previously co-led the China Security Project with MERICS. Before joining IISS, she worked for the European External Action Service in Taipei and New Zealand, as well as in private-sector consulting on foreign policy and defence. She holds degrees in international relations from Macquarie University and Leiden University, and an MPhil in modern Chinese studies from Oxford and Peking University.See notes:Three Dates, Three Windows, and All of DOTMLPF-PChina’s Military Modernisation: Recent Trends - 2024DOD Report Details Chinese Efforts to Build Military PowerChina’s Modernizing Military | Council on Foreign Relations

In November 2024, a tragic roof collapse at Novi Sad’s train station claimed 15 lives and ignited nationwide protests in Serbia. But what really happened? Who bears responsibility? And how do Chinese firms and their involvement in the station's reconstruction fit into the bigger picture? In this episode, we explore the fallout of this disaster, its impact on Serbia’s politics, and the potential effects on Sino-Serbian relations with expert insight from Stefan Vladisavljev. This month's guest: Stefan Vladisavljev holds program director position at Foundation BFPE for a Responsible Society since April of 2024. Prior to that, Stefan was BFPE program coordinator and assistant. He is also part of the team behind Belgrade Security Forum. As a part of the program team, Stefan is responsible for program planning, speaker selection and analytical writing. During his engagement in BFPE, so far, he is mostly dealing with the topics in the field of international relations and security and foreign policy. His main expertise is cooperation between actors in the field of international relations, and foreign actors influence, with the focus on cooperation between Western Balkans countries and China. Stefan is also a CHOICE Fellow for the Western Balkan region. See notes: Serbia and China: What Does the “Shared Future” Hold for “Steel Friends”?⁠⁠ Chinese Influence in Serbia⁠ ⁠“Steel Friendship” — Forging of the Perception of China by the Serbian Political Elite⁠ ⁠FACILITATING KLEPTOCRACY: THE CONSEQUENCES OF CHINA’S CORROSIVE CAPITAL IN SERBIA⁠ ⁠China’s 'Digital Silk Road' Enters the Western Balkans

The results of the 2024 US presidential election are set to shape the future of global politics, with potentially far-reaching effects on the balance of power, international relations, and economic strategies. How do key players like China perceive this pivotal moment, and what might a second Trump term mean for the evolving dynamics between the US, China, and Russia? Dive into this episode for an in-depth look at these critical developments and their implications. This month's guests: Vivian Wu - CEO & Founder of Dasheng Media Maria Repnikova - Scholar of China political communication, Associate Professor at Georgia State University See notes: What Does Trump’s Election Victory Mean for Russia? What Trump’s Win Means for U.S. Foreign Policy What does Trump’s return mean for America’s relations with Russia? As the U.S. Votes, China Is Watching Dasheng Media

In recent years, countries like Russia, Iran and China have started to ramp up their efforts to influence public opinion, interfere in democratic process, and undermine democratic regimes. Influence operations, including propaganda, disinformation, and psychological warfare have become one of the key avenues through which powers aim to exert influence. Taiwan, which is under continuous and growing pressures from China, has been at the forefront of developing strategies to increase population's resilience and effectively combat threats stemming from malign influence operations. So what is the current state of Taiwan's information ecosystem and what can the EU learn from Taiwan? And are there any areas where the EU and the US could cooperate with Taiwan? This and more will be discussed in this new episode of Voice for CHOICE, with a special guest, Puma Shen.  This month's guest Puma Shen, Legislator in Taiwan's Legislative Yuan, Founder of Doublethink Lab and Kuma Academy See notes Testimony for the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Taiwan’s Experience and Response to China’s Influence and Interference China Index Narrative Intelligence: Detecting Chinese and Russian Information Operations to Disrupt NATO Unity Influence Campaigns from Iran, China, Russia Ramping up Ahead of Elections, Microsoft Finds The Chinese Communist Party’s Political Warfare Directed Against Taiwan: Overview and Analysis An analysis on the impact of false information on Taiwanese voters

Despite growing interest in China and its global role, women analysts in Europe face several challenges, including limited access to professional networks, underrepresentation, and a lack of visibility. WiCH is a proactive response to these challenges, aiming to build a pan-European community where women in China studies can thrive. By fostering connections, providing mentorship, and amplifying the contributions of women, the initiative seeks to address gender imbalance and ensure diverse perspectives in China-related research and policy discussions. This month's guest Ivana Karásková, China Team Lead at Association for International Affairs (AMO) Show notes Introducing WiCH: Empowering Women in China Studies Across Europe NüVoices NüVoices Won’t Let Beijing Silence Women

Amidst the broader geopolitical tensions, the EU-China relations have seen significant changes. De-risking, economic security and strategic autonomy are at the forefront of such changes, with electric vehicle and raw material supply chains driving the EU’s concerns. As the EU continues down the de-risking path, we discuss the anti-subsidy probe into made-in-China electric vehicles and the Critical Raw Materials Act, with a special focus on their implications for the CEE region. This month's guest Dominika Remžová, China Analyst at Association for International Affairs (AMO) Show notes From Zero to Hero? Chinese Investment in Electric Vehicle Supply Chains in the Visegrád Four “WIN SOME, LOSE SOME”: China's Involvement in the Extractive and Raw Materials Industries in the Western Balkans Balancing Act: Managing European Dependencies on China for Climate Technologies US and Europe: 2 Different Approaches to Restricting Chinese EVs Ain’t No Duty High Enough Reverse Dependency: Making Europe's Digital Technological Strenghts Indispensable to China

North Korean regime has increasingly benefited from deepening cooperation with Russia, a development not fully welcomed by its traditional ally, China. North Korea has supplied the Russian Federation with munitions and other military equipment in exchange for food, raw materials, and components for weapons manufacturing. This growing partnership enables North Korea to circumvent international sanctions, sustain its regime, and bolster its military capabilities, further complicating regional and global security dynamics.  This month's guest Dr. Niklas Swanström, Director of the Institute for Security and Development Policy Show notes EU-Taiwan Semiconductor Supply Chain: Resilience amid the Digital and Green Transition China as a Mediator in North Korea: Facilitating Dialogues or Mediating Conflicts? Why Taiwan Matters to Europe EU-Japan-Taiwan Cooperation: Building a Blue Supply Chain

The European Union's engagement in the Indo-Pacific has grown significantly in recent years, driven by the region's strategic importance and economic dynamism. The EU aims to promote a free and open Indo-Pacific through enhanced cooperation with regional partners like Japan, India, and ASEAN. Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that Europe and Asia are not separate theatres but are deeply intertwined. This month's guest Abigaël Vasselier, Head of Program Foreign Relations at MERICS. Show notes China-Russia alignment: a threat to Europe's security Navigating Taiwan relations in 2024: Practical considerations for European policy makers Profiling relations of European countries with China

In recent years, we have seen increased tensions in the Taiwan Strait. China has intensified its military drills around the island and increased coercive tactics against Taiwan, sparking debates about a potential contingency. Discussions revolve around whether Beijing might choose a blockade or a full-scale invasion to alter the status quo. The role of the U.S. and the EU will be crucial in maintaining stability in the Strait and deterring China from making unilateral changes to the current situation. This month's guest Bonnie Glaser, Managing Director of the German Marshall Fund's Indo-Pacific Program. Show notes Why UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 Does Not Establish Beijing’s “One China” Principle: A Legal Perspective Taiwan's Most Pressing Challenge is Strangulation, Not Invasion Transcript: Situation in the Taiwan Strait

NATO's growing interest in the Indo-Pacific region has stemmed from the Alliance's recognition of the strategic implications of China's rise. Furthermore, the war in Ukraine has underscored the growing geopolitical interdependence between the Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions. That is why NATO has strengthened dialogue and cooperation with its partners in the Indo-Pacific region – Australia, Japan, the Republic of Korea and New Zealand and NATO members have increased their presence in the region. This month's guest Prof. Dr. May-Britt U. Stumbaum, Professor of Security Studies and Strategic Competition at the George C. Marshall Center and Director of The SPEAR Institute. Show notes ⁠L’impact de la polarisation entre la Chine et les États-Unis dans l’espace indopacifique : le point de vue de la Chine⁠ ⁠HOE DE EUROPESE DEMOCRATIE TE WAPENEN TEGEN CHINA⁠ ⁠China’s power politics 2.0: Regime survival and global leadership⁠ ⁠War By Narrative?⁠

Australia has been a prominent target of China's foreign interference. Beijing has been involved in various covert operations, including cyber espionage, attempts to infiltrate local politics, and efforts to sway public opinion through media and social platforms. Chinese government-linked entities have been accused of leveraging Chinese student associations to promote Beijing's agenda. Hacker groups associated with Beijing have carried out attacks against the computer networks of the Parliament and the three main political parties, as well as individual MPs who are part of the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China (IPAC). Furthermore, an Australian politician was offered a financial contribution in exchange for changing their stance on China-related issues. These activities aim to undermine Australia's sovereignty, democratic institutions, and strategic interests. In response, the Australian government passed legislation criminalizing foreign interference and introduced the Foreign Influence Transparency Scheme. Despite these efforts, the challenge of countering China's sophisticated and persistent tactics persists. This month’s guest Justin Bassi, Executive Director of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute. Show notes Dialogue with China’s Premier Li was a missed opportunity Stabilising relations with China mustn’t come at the expense of Australia’s security Collective consistency is the answer to Beijing’s trade coercion Time for the Quad to bare its teeth on regional security

In October 2023, The European Commission launched an anti-subsidy investigation into the imports of Chinese battery electric vehicles. Furthermore, the commission has instructed customs authorities to start registering the import of electric vehicles from China so that the EU could impose retroactive tariffs. As the decision day on whether to impose definitive duties approaches, Beijing becomes increasingly agitated. Meanwhile, Chinese carmakers BYD and Geely-owned Volvo are ramping up investments in electric vehicle (EV) production across Central Europe, with other companies likely to follow suit. While these investments are generally welcomed by local governments, they are viewed by some as posing additional risks to the European automotive industry. This month’s guest Gregor Sebastian, Senior Analyst at Rhodium Group. Show notes Ain’t No Duty High Enough Pole Position: Chinese EV Investments Boom Amid Growing Political Backlash Tipping Point? Germany and China in an Era of Zero-Sum Competition

In early May, Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to France to celebrate the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and France. This visit, his first to Europe since the pandemic began, occurred against the backdrop of the EU investigation into Chinese electric vehicle exports and Beijing’s retaliatory probe into imports of French-made brandy. Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, participated in the tripartite meeting, adding a European dimension to the discussions. The leaders jointly urged Xi to tackle issues related to China’s overcapacity in electric vehicles and green technologies and addressed the issue of China’s export of dual-use technologies to Russia. Despite raising these concerns, the two sides concluded 32 agreements during the visit. Xi then continued his European tour to Serbia and Hungary, where he sought to strengthen ties, a move perceived by some as an attempt to create divisions within Europe. This month’s guest Abigaël Vasselier, Director Policy & European Affairs/Head of Program Foreign Relations at Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS). Show notes ⁠China’s Missing Offer to Europe ahead of the EU-China Summit “Sur la Russie, le message de Xi Jinping à l’Occident est très clair”

While it is true that China has served as a crucial economic support for Russia during the war in Ukraine, it has not fully compensated for the decline in Russian export revenue from the EU. Beijing has supplied Moscow with dual-use goods and technology but there has been no direct provision of lethal military equipment from China to Russia, as the Chinese government and businesses are wary of triggering Western secondary sanctions and losing access to the European market. Thus, It is unlikely that the Chinese government and defense companies will substantially support Russia with heavy weaponry and ammunition in its ongoing conflict against Ukraine. One reason for China holding back is the nuanced and cautious attitude of its foreign policy elites on Russia’s war. This month’s guest Dr Thomas Eder, Visiting Fellow at China Observers in Central and Eastern Europe (CHOICE), Post-Doc Researcher at the Austrian Institute for International Affairs (oiip). Show notes ⁠Will China Save Russia’s Military in 2023? – Chinese Expert Debates on China-Russia Relations and the Long War in Ukraine⁠ ⁠Chinese Approaches to the Eastern Neighborhood⁠ ⁠Moscow’s Failed Pivot to China⁠ ⁠China-Russia Relations in Central Asia

In the past few years, Hungary has seen a surge in new investments from Chinese companies in the EV industry. Chinese battery and EV makers have been attracted by the favorable political climate and generous state support. Additionally, Hungary and China have been working towards closer collaboration in the areas of policing and security. During a recent visit by China's Minister of Public Security, Wang Xiaohong, the two countries signed a series of agreements aimed at improving cooperation in these areas. This will allow Chinese police to patrol alongside Hungarian police on Hungarian soil. As a result of these developments, Hungary is increasingly becoming a hub of Chinese influence in the region. In the past, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has been accused of acting as a trojan horse for China within the EU, as he has opposed measures aimed at China. With Hungary's growing dependency on China, this trend is likely to continue. This month’s guest Szabolcs Panyi, Investigative Editor at the VSquare Project. Show notes Goulas: Tales of Spying, Smuggling, and Chinese Influence Hungary Could Turn into China's Trojan Horse in Europe The Fight Over Fudan: A Chinese University in Budapest Sparks Reckoning for Sino-Hungarian Relations

In January 2024, the European Commission revealed five new initiatives aimed at advancing the implementation of its Economic Security Strategy, which was formally introduced in the summer of the previous year. The proposal seeks to tighten inbound investment screening rules and create greater export control conformity within the EU. With regard to outbound investment screening, which is the most controversial issue of the package, the Commission remains relatively sober. The strategy calls for a risk assessment of outbound investment and related security issues through a public consultation process. The package puts a strong focus on research security. However, there is little that can be done at the EU level since the competencies are mainly spread among national, sub-national, and institutional levels in the Member States. While the package aims to scale up dual-use and advanced research, it lacks a financial strategy to strengthen the bloc’s technological and industrial capabilities. This month’s guest Tobias Gehrke, Senior Policy Fellow at the Global European Council on Foreign Relations. Show notes A maker, not a taker: Why Europe needs an economic security mechanism The power of control: How the EU can shape the new era of strategic export restrictions High-voltage trade: How Europe should fight the electric vehicle wars Missing money: Why Europe’s economic security requires a critical technology investment plan Strategy and risk: How to make the Green Deal Industrial Plan a geoeconomic success

Despite Beijing’s attempts to influence the elections, Taiwan’s commitment to democracy has prevailed, and the people of Taiwan elected their new leader last week. William Lai, from the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), emerged victorious in the recent presidential race. This result is likely to sustain the status quo in cross-strait relations, characterized by continued tensions and limited dialogue. Beijing’s reaction to the elections has been relatively muted compared to the massive incursions following US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan in 2022. However, Nauru’s announcement to sever ties with Taiwan and establish relations with Beijing came as a surprise to many. Taiwan is grappling with diminishing international recognition, struggling to keep pace with China’s dollar diplomacy. The question now is whether Taiwan can offset these losses by expanding unofficial relations with like-minded countries. This month’s guest Michael Mazza, Senior Director at the Project 2049 Institute and Senior Non-resident Fellow at the Global Taiwan Institute. Show notes Taiwan keeps choosing democracy — and rejecting China The Axis of Disorder: How Russia, Iran, and China Want to Remake the World The Wrong Way to Lower Tensions in the Taiwan Strait

The 2024 presidential election in Taiwan holds great significance as it will determine the future of Taiwan's relationship with China, the United States, and the rest of the world. Though the West often views Taiwan's elections through the lens of cross-strait relations and the risk of Beijing's invasion, most Taiwanese voters are more concerned with domestic issues such as housing policy, low wages, and energy security. The elections will also reflect how the Taiwanese people view their national identity and sovereignty. The three candidates have different strategies for dealing with the cross-strait issues and enhancing Taiwan's global presence. Contrary to previous elections, the results remain uncertain as the race is expected to be tight. One of the significant challenges facing Taiwan is the threat of disinformation and propaganda from China, which aims to sway public opinion and undermine democracy in Taiwan. This month's guest Marcin Jerzewski, Head of Taiwan Office of the European Values Center for Security Policy and Research Fellow at Taiwan NextGen Foundation. Show notes Lithuania-Taiwan Relations: A Temperature Check Taiwan should support CEE ties Appreciating the Importance of Taiwan’s Parliamentary Diplomacy

After the honeymoon period of Czech-China relations that started in 2013, the bilateral ties gradually soured. This shift was linked to the perceived lack of benefits stemming from economic cooperation and various security-related events that gave rise to skepticism regarding the profitability and viability of closer ties with China. The current government, sworn in 2021, has been cautious towards Beijing and has worked towards improvement of ties with Taiwan. In March this year, Speaker of the Parliament Markéta Pekarová Adamová led a strong delegation to Taipei, resulting in the signing of a number of business deals and establishing cooperation between academia, and even military, and security services. The new President Petr Pavel made news for speaking over the phone with Tsai Ying-wen, who called him in January to congratulate him on his election victory. Czechia thus established itself as one of Taiwan’s best friends within the EU. This month's guest Petr Kolář, Advisor to President Petr Pavel, Senior Advisor at Squire Patton Boggs Prague.

In recent years, the US imposed a set of restrictions on exports of advanced semiconductors and chipmaking equipment to China. While China’s nanoelectronics sector has been cut off from access to leading technology necessary to produce cutting-edge chips competitively, side effect of the restrictions has been China‘s growing market share in mature nodes as it doubles down on self-reliance. In face of the global chip shortage and Europe’s struggles to keep pace with the global semiconductor industry, the bloc decided to boost its own domestic chip production through the EU Chips Act. The legislation aims to strengthen the EU’s supply chain resilience and reduce geopolitical risks linked to the growing US-China tensions. While experts diverge on the consequences of a potential Taiwan contingency on the semiconductor industry, the island’s visibility has significantly increased thanks to the issue. This month's guest Mathieu Duchâtel, Resident Senior Fellow and Director of International Studies at Institut Montaigne. Show notes ⁠Semiconductors in Europe: The Return of Industrial Policy Tech Transfers: The Case for an EU-Japan-Us Cooperation Framework The Weak Links in China's Drive for Semiconductors Economic Security: the Missing Link in EU-Japan Cooperation

In September parliamentary elections, pro-Russia leftist populist SMER-SD led by former PM Robert Fico secured victory, taking the lead over the liberal Western-oriented Progressive Slovakia (PS). SMER-SD managed to form a coalition with Peter Pellegrini's HLAS-SD, a social-democratic party that split from SMER-SD, and the Slovak National Party (SNS). During his time in opposition, Fico has undergone a radical transformation, emerging as a strong Eurosceptic and critic of the US. Many fear that Fico will shift the country’s foreign policy towards the East while aligning with Orbán on approach towards both Beijing and Moscow. This month's guest Nikoleta Nemečkayová, Analyst at the Association for International Affairs (AMO). Show notes Setting on an East-Bound Course? Slovak Political Parties’ Views on China and Russia

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has created a momentum for Georgia to become a major transit hub as both the EU and China are looking to diversify their trade routes away from Russia. Over the past decade, Tbilisi and Beijing have deepened their economic ties. At the end of July 2023, China and Georgia announced an upgrade in bilateral relations to a strategic partnership. While China is seeking to expand its presence in the South Caucusus, Tbilisi might be using the partnership with China to grant concessions from Brussels ahead of the EU's decision on the country's candidacy for membership. This month's guest Emil Avdaliani, Professor of International Relations at European University in Tbilisi. Show notes New World Order and Small Regions: The Case of South Caucasus China, Russia and New Eurasian Order China Still Ambivalent About the Middle Corridor

China’s tacit approval for the Russian invasion of Ukraine is significantly shaping both the Polish public opinion on China as well as the political and business elite's perception of China. Although views still diverge among different actors and political parties. Geopolitical shifts underway with the US and China also played a role in shaping Sino-Polish relations. Furthermore, the growing perception that NATO’s eastern flank as a theater of war and East Asian geopolitical theaters are merging constitutes a source of concern for Warsaw. This month's guest Alicja Bachulska, Research Fellow at CHOICE and Policy Fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations. Show notes Breaking the Mold: Poland Changes Course on China Policy Amid War in Ukraine The China-Russia Power Play China and Ukraine: The Chinese debate about Russia’s war and its meaning for the world Recent Polling Uncovers the Blind Spots in the European China Debate

China is among the biggest global importers of all the Western Balkans extractive exports. China’s interest in the region's extractive and raw materials industries is related to its overall need for certain raw materials as they are crucial in supporting the country's manufacturing sector, fueling economic growth, and supporting technological advancements across various industries. While exports and investments in the extractive sector do help the local economies, the overreliance on extractive exports from polluting industries, which deplete natural resources and have a low value-added component in the bilateral trade relationship, is a reason for concern. Moreover, some Chinese projects seem to exploit structural weaknesses related to rule of law and good governance, as seen especially in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. This Month’s Guest Ana Krstinovska, Research Fellow at CHOICE, President at ESTIMA. Show notes “Win Some, Lose Some”: China’s Involvement in the Extractive and Raw Materials Industries in the Western Balkans

China's special diplomatic mission is touring Kyiv, Warsaw, Paris, Berlin and Moscow in a stated mission to search for a political solution to the war in Ukraine. However, a number of Central and Eastern European leaders have expressed doubts about China's credibility as a peacemaker. This has been further exacerbated by the recent diplomatic scandal of Lu Shaye who questioned the sovereignty of former Soviet countries. Just a few days after the Chinese ambassador's controversial interview, Xi Jinping spoke with Volodymyr Zelenskyy for the first time since the beginning of the invasion. China’s position on the war in Ukraine as well as the Sino-Russian partnership has been under increased scrutiny and will remain the main factor shaping the relations between China and Europe. This Month's Guest Una Aleksandra Bērziņa-Čerenkova, Research Fellow at CHOICE, Head of the Political Science PhD programme and China Studies Centre at Riga Stradins University, Head of the Asia Programme at the Latvian Institute of International Affairs Show notes Perfect Imbalance: China and Russia Backing Russia on Ukraine: China’s Messaging in Central and Eastern Europe Speaking Whose Mind? Why the Consequences of Lu Shaye’s Comments Go Beyond the Baltics “Depends on How You Look at It”: Russia Struggles to Explain Why “Power of Siberia 2” Is Still Not Happening

Recently, Honduras broke diplomatic ties with Taiwan opening the door to establishing official diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. Taiwan thus lost a ninth diplomatic ally since the current President, Tsai Ing-wen, came to power in 2016, leaving the island state with only 13 sovereign official partners. While Taiwan's international recognition is shrinking, its parliamentary diplomatic ties with like-minded partners are burgeoning. In March, Taiwan welcomed the largest-ever Czech delegation to the island led by the Czech Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies and US House Speaker McCarthy became the highest US official to meet with a Taiwanese leader on domestic soil since Washington established formal diplomatic ties with China in 1979. A new model for Taiwan's engagement with the world is thus in the shaping. This Month's Guest Zsuzsa Anna Ferenczy, Assistant Professor at the National Dong Hwa University in Hualien, Affiliated Scholar at the Department of Political Science of the Free University of Brussels, Head of the Associate Network at 9DASHLINE, Research Fellow at ISDP in Sweden and at Taiwan Next Gen Foundation in Taiwan. Show notes Unpacking Beijing’s Narrative on Taiwan Taiwan in the European Discourse: Toward Political Consensus? Parliamentary Diplomacy to Boost the Resilience of EU-Taiwan Ties 'It is in the EU's own interest to contribute to Taiwan's democratic resilience'

Building up on the previous parliamentary delegations to the island, speaker of Czech Parliament’s lower house, Markéta Adamová Pekarová, is arriving in Taiwan today. Despite protests from the Chinese embassy in Prague, she is heading the country’s largest-ever delegation to the island consisting of political representatives, entrepreneurs and scientists. While the visit has been planned for a long time, it comes soon after the election of the new president, Petr Pavel, who demonstrated his pro-Taiwan stance by his post-election call with the Taiwanese president. Czech-Taiwanese ties are thus in for a major political boost. This Month's Guest Alice Rezková a Research Fellow at the Association for International Affairs (AMO) and Executive Director of the Czech-Taiwanese Business Chamber Show notes Bilateral Investment Agreement with Taiwan: Why should the Czech Republic say yes and support it at the EU level?

After three years of self-imposed isolation, China has opened up to the world. Xi Jinping has come back to the diplomatic stage and we have seen a renewal of high-level visits. In recent weeks, Beijing has toned down its ‘wolf warrior diplomacy’ and Chinese officials have been trying to find ways to reinvigorate relations with Europe. However, experts have warned that China's charm offensive should not be mistaken for a fundamental reset in China's foreign policy. There remain numerous points of contention between China and Europe, most prominently Beijing's tacit support for Russia’s war on Ukraine. Eastern Europeans’ deepening ties with Taiwan are also likely to further complicate the relationship. China-EU ties in 2023 will thus be dominated by uncertainty and a risk of further deterioration. This Month’s Guest: Grzegorz Stec, Analyst, Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS) Show notes What lies beneath – EU-China relations under Swedish presidency EU must beware Beijing's new charm offensive EU-China summits: From cooperation to damage control How China views the EU amid the Russia-Ukraine war: Contradictions of transatlantic relations and strategic autonomy

China has positioned itself as a member of the Global South family and has poured billions of dollars into building infrastructure in Africa and Southeast Asia to increase its clout in these regions and popularize its authoritarian development model. China's ability to leverage its influence in the Global South has been reflected in the voting patterns of the developing countries in various multilateral bodies. The US and Europe are struggling to compete with China in the global connectivity and infrastructure race. Joshua Eisenman, Associate Professor of politics, Keough School of Global Affairs at the University of Notre Dame and Fellow, Liu Institute for Asia and Asian Studies, Kellogg Institute for International Studies, and Pulte Institute for Global Development, Keough School of Global Affairs at the University of Notre Dame Show notes: China’s geostrategic conception of the developing world Building a more “Democratic” and “Multipolar” World: China’s Strategic Engagement with Developing Countries Rising China’s Influence in Developing Asia

In recent years, risks related to scientific collaboration with China have received more attention. There are growing fears over unwanted technology transfers, breaches of academic freedom, and concerns about ethical norms in research collaboration with China. However, research institutions and universities are often not well equipped to address these challenges. As a result, national governments have developed measures to safeguard their Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) sectors. Policymakers are in search of solutions that strike a balance between protecting academic freedom and tapping into opportunities of cooperating with Chinese partners while strengthening knowledge security. This month’s guest: Ingrid d'Hooghe, Senior Research Fellow and Coordinator of the Clingendael China Centre, Clingendael, and Senior Fellow, Leiden Asia Centre, the Netherlands. Show notes How National Governments and Research Institutions Safeguard Knowledge Development in Science and Technology Towards Sustainable Europe-China Collaboration in Higher Education in Research Implications for Japan and the United States China’s BRI and International Collaboration in Higher Education and Research. A symbiotic Relationship

Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, many have tried to draw a parallel between Ukraine and Taiwan. While it is true that both countries are threatened by a great power in their immediate neighborhood, there are stark differences between their geographic positions as well as the larger geopolitical context. Despite significant differences between the two countries, there are a few lessons that can be learned from the conflict for the Taiwanese. Heightened tensions between China and Taiwan also have profound implications for Japan’s security environment and influence Sino-Japanese relations. Finally, the developments in the Taiwan Strait coupled with Sino-Russian partnership without limits also present an opportunity to explore new avenues for Japan-Europe security cooperation. This month’s guest: Tetsuo Kotani, professor, Meikai University and senior fellow, Japan Institute of International Affairs (JIIA), Japan Show notes China’s Military and Paramilitary Activities in the East China Sea China and Russia in the Western Pacific Implications for Japan and the United States Japan to Upgrade Defense Ties with Taipei by Dispatching a MOD Official The New Taiwan Clause: Taiwan and the Security of Japan

China’s 20th National Communist Party Congress is set to be a major event for China's politics as Xi is heading towards securing another five years as paramount leader. It remains unclear who will remain, be promoted, or retire from the leading party bodies. The composition of the new leadership will unveil the strength of Xi's faction within the party. He will strive to surround himself with loyal party cadres as he needs to further cement his power at times when China's government faces many domestic and international challenges including prolonged lockdowns resulting from zero-covid policies, property sector crisis, Russian war in Ukraine as well as Sino-American tensions over Taiwan. The outcome of the Congress will indicate China’s political direction for the next five years. This month’s guest: Katja Drinhausen, Head of Program at MERICS, Germany Show notes "Comprehensive National Security" unleashed: How Xi's approach shapes China's policies at home and abroad The Party leads on everything Decoding the 20th Party Congress Special Feature: Selection 2022

China is a unique actor in the field of Science, Technology and innovation. Not only it has declared its goal to become a technology superpower by 2049 but it is also pouring massive financial resources into achieving it. While the Western European countries have become more aware of the risks associated with the scientific collaboration with China have introduced risk mitigation measures, Central European researchers downplay the attractiveness of the research in Central Europe for China and lack awareness of STI goals and priorities. This Month’s Guest: Ivana Karásková, Founder and Leader of CHOICE & China Research Fellow at the Association for International Affairs (AMO), MERICS European China Policy Fellow Show notes How to Do Trusted Research: China-Specific Guidelines for European Stakeholders A new fishing pond: China’s hunt for technology research in Central and Eastern Europe