The Open Loop

In this episode of The Open Loop, Chay Carter is joined by Dr Nandan Lad and Amaza Reitmeier, the executive leaders behind Pharaoh Neuro.Nandan is a neurosurgeon at Duke and the inventor behind Neurapheresis, while Amaza brings nearly 25 years of leadership experience from Medtronic, including deep experience in brain therapies and DBS.This is a practical conversation about Pharaoh Neuro’s mission to create a new category in brain care: CSF modulation, or what Nandan describes as “neurodialysis”.We explore how Neurapheresis could change the treatment pathway for subarachnoid haemorrhage and hemorrhagic stroke by actively filtering cerebrospinal fluid, removing blood and inflammatory material, and helping reduce devastating downstream complications.We also discuss the company’s clinical data, Series A raise, regulatory pathway, reimbursement strategy, and the broader platform potential across neuroinflammatory conditions.Key takeaways:🔹 Why hemorrhagic stroke remains a major unmet need in brain care🔹 How Neurapheresis works as a closed-loop CSF filtration system🔹 Why Pharaoh Neuro is building a new therapeutic category, not just a device🔹 What early clinical studies showed in blood and protein clearance🔹 How CSF modulation could expand into meningitis, ALS, MS, leptomeningeal disease, and other neuroinflammatory conditionsHost: Chay CarterFounder, Carter Sciences | Co-Founder, Reccy NeuroLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chay-carter/ Guest: Amaza ReitmeierCEO & Director, Pharaoh NeuroLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amaza-reitmeier/ Guest: Nandan LadChief Medical Officer & Co-Founder​LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nandan-lad-6262805/ Key Chapters:00:00 Introduction to Pharaoh Neuro and Its Founders02:39 The Origin Story of Neurapheresis05:27 How Neurapheresis and CSF Modulation Work10:20 Clinical Validation and Early Patient Results13:31 Regulatory Pathways and Creating a New Category15:25 Platform Potential Beyond Hemorrhagic Stroke20:18 Pharaoh Neuro and the Broader Neurotech Landscape23:36 Restoring CSF Balance and What Comes NextThe Open Loop is a podcast exploring the people, companies, and ideas shaping the future of neurotechnology.🔔 Subscribe for weekly conversations with the founders, researchers, and operators building what comes next in brain health, medicine, and technology.

In this episode of The Open Loop, Chay Carter is joined by Anoop Antony, Founder and CEO of NeuroX.Anoop shares his journey from psychology and cognitive neuroscience into EEG, brain health, neurofeedback, photobiomodulation, and wearable neurotechnology.This is a practical conversation about making brain health more accessible, understandable, and useful outside traditional clinical and research settings.We explore how NeuroX is combining EEG, HRV, wearable data, and clinical services to build a more complete view of the nervous system, from brain scans and neurofeedback to in-ear EEG and the NEVE platform.We also discuss the future of EEG wearables, why form factor matters, how brain data could support elite performance and everyday cognitive health, and what it takes to communicate neurotechnology to people outside the neuroscience bubble.Key takeaways:🔹 Why EEG is moving beyond hospitals and research labs🔹 How NeuroX is building a nervous system dashboard combining brain and body data🔹 Why in-ear EEG could help make brain monitoring more wearable and accessible🔹 How neurofeedback and photobiomodulation are being used in brain health clinics🔹 Why translating brain data into simple, actionable insights is key to public adoptionHost: Chay CarterFounder, Carter Sciences | Co-Founder, Reccy NeuroLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chay-carter/ Guest: Anoop AntonyFounder and CEO of NeuroXLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/anoop-antony-529a72181/ Key Chapters:00:00 Introduction to NeuroX and Anoop Antony03:46 The Evolution of EEG Technology06:32 NeuroX’s Vision for Accessible Brain Health09:09 In-Ear EEG and Wearable Brain Monitoring12:14 Neurofeedback and Photobiomodulation14:54 Who Is Using Brain Health Technology?17:48 Communicating Neurotechnology Beyond the Science Bubble23:31 Product Roadmap and the Future of NeuroXThe Open Loop is a podcast exploring the people, companies, and ideas shaping the future of neurotechnology.🔔 Subscribe for weekly conversations with the founders, researchers, and operators building what comes next in brain health, medicine, and technology.

In this episode of The Open Loop, Chay Carter is joined by Jordi Parramon, a neurotechnology operator, investor, and founder of Nexus NeuroTech Ventures. Jordi brings more than 27 years of experience across medical devices, health tech, and venture, with leadership roles spanning Boston Scientific, Verily, and a portfolio of neurotech companies including Cala Health, INSIGHTEC, Rune Labs, Lotus Neuro, and Galvani. This is a practical conversation about what neurotech needs next, from patient access and indication expansion to reimbursement, market access, consumer devices, and smarter investment thinking. We also explore Jordi’s perspective on the future of neuromodulation, brain data, wearable technologies, BCI, focused ultrasound, and why the next phase of the industry will depend on connecting innovation across the full patient journey. Key takeaways: 🔹 Why neurotech still needs to solve its patient access and penetration problem🔹 How consumer and regulated devices could work together across the healthcare journey🔹 What early-stage neurotech investors look for beyond financial modelling🔹 Why reimbursement and market access are becoming central to funding and M&A🔹 Where Jordi sees the next major opportunities in neuromodulation and neuropsychiatric care Host:Chay CarterFounder, Carter SciencesCo-Founder, Reccy NeuroLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chay-carter/ Guest:Jordi ParramonNeurotechnology investor, operator, and founder of Nexus NeuroTech VenturesLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jordi-parramon-50b2158/ Key Chapters:00:00 Introduction to Jordi Parramon01:16 From Implantable Devices to Neurotech Investment04:28 M&A, Platforms, and Early Neuromodulation Innovation08:57 Patient Access and Indication Diversification11:19 Wearables, Consumer Devices, and Neurohealth16:43 EEG, Brain Data, and the Future of Digital Health18:05 What Investors Look for in Neurotech28:22 Emerging Opportunities and the Future of Neuromodulation The Open Loop is a podcast exploring the people, companies, and ideas shaping the future of neurotechnology. 🔔 Subscribe for weekly conversations with the founders, researchers, and operators building what comes next in brain health, medicine, and technology.

In this episode of The Open Loop, Chay Carter is joined by Jennifer Ernst, founder and former CEO of Tivic Health (now Valion Bio). Jennifer shares the story behind Tivic’s journey, from consumer bioelectronics and non-invasive stimulation to FDA clearance, retail launch, IPO, supply chain disruption, and a major pivot into biopharma. This is a practical conversation about the rollercoaster journey of building regulated consumer neurotechnology, bringing a new category to market, and navigating the strategic decisions founders face when timing, capital, and market conditions change. We also look ahead to the future of bioelectronic medicine, including peripheral nerve stimulation, AI-native company building, and how electrical and pharmaceutical approaches could eventually work together. Key takeaways: 🔹 Why “going consumer” is not always the easier route for neurotech companies🔹 What founders need to understand about category creation, claims, and customer acquisition🔹 How Tivic navigated FDA clearance, retail launch, IPO, and supply chain disruption🔹 Why remote monitoring, reimbursement, and physician incentives matter for device adoption🔹 How AI, peripheral nerve stimulation, and bioelectronic medicine could shape the next phase of neurotech Host:Chay CarterFounder, Carter SciencesCo-Founder, Reccy NeuroLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chay-carter/ Guest:Jennifer ErnstFounder and former CEO of Tivic Health (now Valion Bio)LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jenniferernst/ Key Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Jennifer Ernst and Tivik Health03:28 The Journey into Bioelectronics and Neurotechnology07:01 Consumer Market Challenges in Neurotechnology10:02 Navigating the IPO Process and Supply Chain Issues14:01 Lessons Learned from the Tivik Experience17:39 The Future of Neurotechnology and AI Integration23:09 Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Its Potential28:51 Transitioning to Biopharmaceuticals and Future Directions The Open Loop is a podcast exploring the people, companies, and ideas shaping the future of neurotechnology.

In this episode of The Open Loop, Chay Carter is joined by Dr George Harston, Chief Medical and Innovation Officer at Brainomix. George shares how Brainomix is building clinical AI software to support treatment decisions in stroke and fibrosing lung disease, helping clinicians extract meaningful information from medical scans and use it in time-critical patient pathways. This is a practical conversation about what it takes to move healthcare AI from algorithm performance into real clinical adoption. We explore why AI is only valuable when it integrates into workflows, supports clinician decision-making, and improves patient outcomes. We also discuss Brainomix’s journey from Oxford spinout to NHS adoption, Series C growth, and US expansion, as well as the company’s work with hospitals, pharma partners, and clinical trials. Key takeaways: 🔹 Why stroke care depends on faster identification and treatment decisions🔹 Why clinical AI needs workflow integration, not just strong algorithms🔹 How Brainomix is applying imaging AI across stroke and fibrosing lung disease🔹 What it takes to drive adoption across hospitals, healthcare systems, and the US market🔹 Why the future of healthcare AI will depend on evidence, implementation, and patient impact Host:Chay CarterFounder, Carter SciencesCo-Founder, Reccy NeuroLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chay-carter/ Guest:Dr. George HarstonChief Medical and Innovation Officer at BrainomixLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/george-harston-3b9496b1/Key Chapters:00:00 Introduction to Brainomix and Dr George Harston04:01 From Stroke Medicine to Clinical AI06:54 Why AI Needs to Fit the Clinical Workflow12:30 How Imaging AI Can Improve Patient Outcomes18:25 Expanding AI Support into Fibrosing Lung Disease24:19 Navigating US Healthcare, Reimbursement, and Adoption30:09 The Future of Stroke Treatment and Clinical AI36:23 Brain Data, Personalised Medicine, and What Comes Next The Open Loop is a podcast exploring the people, companies, and ideas shaping the future of neurotechnology.

In this episode of The Open Loop, Chay Carter is joined by Dan Rizzuto, President and CTO at Nia Therapeutics. Dan shares how Nia is developing a closed-loop neurostimulation system designed to help patients with memory loss, combining implantable sensing, machine learning, wearable components, and personalised stimulation. This is a practical conversation about the future of cognitive BCIs, what it takes to move neurotechnology from academic research into clinical development, and why memory restoration could become one of the most important frontiers in the field. We also explore Nia’s FDA Breakthrough Device Designation for TBI-related memory loss, the evolution of BCI over the last 20 years, the reality behind cognitive enhancement hype, and why efficacy matters more than form factor when building neurotechnology for patients. Key takeaways: 🔹 How Nia Therapeutics is developing closed-loop neurostimulation for memory loss🔹 Why cognitive BCIs could become a major new category in neurotechnology🔹 What FDA Breakthrough Device Designation means for clinical development🔹 Why direct-to-consumer cognitive enhancement still needs stronger evidence🔹 How the neurotech field is evolving from research breakthroughs to real patient impactHost:Chay CarterFounder, Carter SciencesCo-Founder, Reccy NeuroLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chay-carter/Guest:Dr. Dan RizzutoPresident and Chief Technology Officer at Nia TherapeuticsLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rizzuto/Key Chapters:00:00 Introduction to Dan Rizzuto and Nia Therapeutics02:23 Closed-Loop Neurostimulation for Memory Loss05:09 From Motor BCIs to Cognitive Applications09:40 How Nia’s Implantable and Wearable System Works12:00 Cognitive Enhancement, Ethics, and Future Possibilities14:09 FDA Breakthrough Device Designation and Regulatory Pathways16:18 Fundraising, Clinical Trials, and What Comes Next21:22 Emerging Modalities, Brain Data, and the Future of Neurotech The Open Loop is a podcast exploring the people, companies, and ideas shaping the future of neurotechnology.

In the first episode of The Open Loop, Chay Carter, Founder of Carter Sciences and Reccy Neuro is joined by Dr. Owen Scott Muir, Interventional Psychiatrist, Co-founder & Chief Medical Officer at Radial. Owen shares his personal journey through bipolar disorder, his experience as a clinical trial participant, and how those experiences shaped his mission to build the future of “brain medicine”. This is a wide-ranging conversation on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), neurotechnology, AI biomarkers, precision psychiatry, and what it really takes to scale brain-based treatments in the real world. We also explore the future of neuromodulation, patient-centred care, and why Owen believes psychiatry is evolving into a much broader field of brain medicine. Key takeaways: 🔸 How Owen’s personal experience with bipolar disorder led him into neurotechnology🔸 Why TMS changed his view of mental health treatment🔸 How AI biomarkers could help predict which treatments work for patients🔸 Why Owen believes “mental health” should be reframed as “brain medicine”🔸 What it takes to scale patient-centred neurotechnology in the real world Host:Chay CarterFounder, Carter SciencesCo-Founder, Reccy NeuroLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chay-carter/ Guest:Dr. Owen Scott Muir MD, DFAACAPInterventional PsychiatristCo-founder & Chief Medical OfficerLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/owen-muir-md-dfaacap-fctmss-53345b7/ Key Chapters:00:00 Introduction to Dr. Owen Scott Muir02:21 Personal Journey and Mental Health Experiences05:57 Clinical Trials and the Future of Mental Health Treatment09:49 Understanding Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)13:06 The Evolution of TMS Treatments26:57 AI Biomarkers and Precision Psychiatry35:58 Building a Patient-Centric Brain Medicine Company46:22 The Future of Neurotechnology and Brain Medicine The Open Loop is a podcast exploring the people, companies, and ideas shaping the future of neurotechnology. 🔔 Subscribe for more conversations with the founders, researchers, and operators building the future of brain medicine. #Neurotechnology #Neurotech #BrainMedicine #TMS #Neuromodulation #MentalHealth #PrecisionPsychiatry #AIHealthcare #BrainComputerInterface #Neuroscience #HealthcareInnovation #ClinicalResearch #DigitalHealth #TheOpenLoop #LifeScience #Podcast