EP163「認識自我效能,掌握成功的秘訣!!!」by 姜尚文理師

EPISODE · Jan 21, 2024 · 21 MIN

EP163「認識自我效能,掌握成功的秘訣!!!」by 姜尚文理師

from 懂心理,調出好關係 《Healthy Relationship》 · host 姜尚文心理師,朴世光心理師

自我效能理論主要是在探討個體於情境需求與個人能力評估之間的關係, 也是個體在環境中選擇自己行為時一項重要的參考依據 學者Bandura 提到,自我效能就是個人能成功完成所想要展現行為的一種信念 他也指出自我效能可以有效影響目標設定, 並調節目標意圖與認知動機之間的關係, 當個體對某行為產生目標意圖時, 藉由自我評價的過程個體會透過能力知覺設定行為的目標, 由行為目標直接影響動機並產生行為。   以下四種是常見影響自我效能的因素:   一、成就經驗:是指個人過去成就表現成功或失敗的經驗, 成就經驗是自我效能知覺四種來源中最具影響力者, 如果過去的經驗是成功的,那麼就會提升自我效能的預期, 若一再失敗自我效能的預期則會降低。如果個體已有多次成功經驗,建立了穩定的自信,當偶爾遭遇失敗時,會運用舊有的成功經驗檢討缺失並設法克服而使自我效能得以提昇,偶爾的失敗經驗反而提高了個人的自我效能。成功和失敗可能影響一個人對未來類似工作的能力評估,並在下一次面對類似挑戰時,修正個人的目標設定   二、替代性的經驗 是指經由社會所提供的效能訊息,對於成功情境較少經驗的人不必親身參與,經由觀察示範者之表現與特質,所形成的效能知覺,Bandura認為,許多學習乃是經由我們所選擇到的楷模而產生,藉由觀察楷模,我們得以學習以前未曾做過之事。亦可影響個人的效能預期。   三、口頭的說服: 經由教練、管理者或重要他人的口頭指導或動作的回饋,可影響自我效能的預期。當一個人懷疑自己效能的時候,重要他人若能表達對其能力的信心,則可以說服個人相信自己是有能力的;然而,如果經常使用語言說服,卻沒有與個人經驗互為統整時,此種方式的價值即無法持續。   四、生理狀態(physiological state): 生理的狀態會對自我效能產生影響乃是透過生理覺醒的反應出來,經由認知的評估、生理的引導來提供效能訊息,以影響效能的預期。 人們通常會因為生理狀況不佳或情緒過於激動而降低表現水準。高度的焦慮和恐懼可能會破壞一個人的自信,然而適度的焦慮反而可以增強達成任務的動機。   Powered by Firstory Hosting

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EP163「認識自我效能,掌握成功的秘訣!!!」by 姜尚文理師

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