The Georgian Medical Journal Podcast

In this episode, we explore a major milestone for the Georgian Medical Journal (GMJ) — its official inclusion in the ETH Library catalogue within the swisscovery network in Switzerland.This achievement represents GMJ’s integration into a national academic library system, marking a significant step forward in international visibility, credibility, and accessibility.• What swisscovery is and its role in the Swiss academic ecosystem• Why inclusion in ETH Library is more than indexing — it is institutional recognition• How academic library systems differ from traditional indexing platforms• GMJ’s current indexing landscape (Crossref, Google Scholar, OpenAIRE, Zenodo, ERIH+, and more)• The strategic pathway toward Scopus and Web of ScienceInclusion in a national academic discovery system means:• GMJ is now discoverable across Swiss universities and research institutions• Content is accessible to a global network of researchers and clinicians• The journal gains credibility within a highly trusted academic infrastructureThis is not only visibility — it is validation within a national research system.🔗 ETH Library catalogue entry:https://eth.swisscovery.ch/permalink/41SLSP_ETH/4j4314/alma99120993535605503🌐 Georgian Medical Journal:https://gmj.ge📄 Official GMJ Announcement:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/announcement/view/88💼 LinkedIn:https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7457052387271356419📘 Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1Ct5CoYdHH/Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/33U05xcBx4ZERFpwppky7dApple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/fr/podcast/the-georgian-medical-journal-podcast/id1879124703YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/@GeorgianMedicalJournalAmazon Music: https://music.amazon.fr/podcasts/4853e78c-2d47-454e-ba85-2e0927829b9f/the-georgian-medical-journal-podcastCastbox: https://castbox.fm/vh/7075396Goodpods: https://go.goodpods.com/HbSmOZPocket Casts: https://pca.st/1krb6adqThe Georgian Medical Journal Podcast is the official knowledge translation platform of GMJ.It translates scientific progress into clear, policy-relevant insights — connecting research, systems, and real-world impact.What we coverWhy it mattersKey LinksListen to GMJ PodcastAbout GMJ Podcast

In this episode, we shift from global migration health systems to a critical but often under-recognised dimension of health system performance: palliative care.Building on broader discussions of equity, access, and system resilience, this episode examines how the availability and accessibility of palliative care reflect deeper structural strengths and weaknesses within healthcare systems.Drawing on peer-reviewed research by Sharvari Patil and Sulkhan Inaishvili, we present a structured, evidence-informed analysis of palliative care in Georgia.Key insights include:• The global burden of serious health-related suffering, affecting more than 61 million people annually• WHO estimates that only ~14% of those in need receive palliative care worldwide• Concentration of opioid access in a small number of high-income countries, leaving over 80% of the global population underserved• Structural barriers in Georgia, including limited geographic coverage and urban concentration of services• Gaps in workforce capacity, training, and integration into mainstream healthcare delivery• Regulatory and administrative constraints affecting access to opioid analgesicsPalliative care is increasingly recognised as a core component of universal health coverage (UHC) and people-centred health systems.This episode reframes palliative care not only as a clinical service, but as a health system indicator—a tracer of:• Equity• Continuity of care• Access to essential medicinesUnmet need in palliative care reveals systemic gaps in:• Service delivery• Governance• Health system designGeorgia provides a compelling case study of a health system in transition. Despite ongoing reforms, palliative care remains insufficiently developed, with limited community-based services, regulatory barriers, and uneven regional access.Patil S, Inaishvili S.Palliative Care as a Health System Indicator in Georgia: Unmet Need, Access Barriers, and Policy Implications.Georgian Medical Journal. 2026;1(1):14–34DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19050661Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/33U05xcBx4ZERFpwppky7dApple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/fr/podcast/the-georgian-medical-journal-podcast/id1879124703YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/@GeorgianMedicalJournalAmazon Music: https://music.amazon.fr/podcasts/4853e78c-2d47-454e-ba85-2e0927829b9f/the-georgian-medical-journal-podcastCastbox: https://castbox.fm/vh/7075396Goodpods: https://go.goodpods.com/HbSmOZPocket Casts: https://pca.st/1krb6adqThe Georgian Medical Journal Podcast is the official knowledge translation platform of the Georgian Medical Journal (GMJ), designed to bridge scientific evidence with policy and practice.Each episode translates peer-reviewed research into accessible, policy-relevant insights for clinicians, researchers, and decision-makers worldwide.🌍 Context and Relevance📄 Source Article🎙️ Listen Now📢 About the GMJ Podcast

🎧 Palliative Care as a Health System Indicator in Georgia⁠In this episode, we shift focus from global migration health systems to a critical but often under-recognised dimension of health system performance: palliative care. Building on the broader discussion of equity, access, and system resilience, we examine how the availability of palliative care reflects deeper structural strengths and weaknesses within healthcare systems.The Georgian Medical Journal Podcast serves as a platform translating scientific evidence into policy-relevant insights for clinicians, researchers, and decision-makers worldwide.This episode is based on the peer-reviewed article by Sharvari Patil and Sulkhan Inaishvili, providing a structured, evidence-informed analysis of palliative care in Georgia, including:The global burden of serious health-related suffering, affecting more than 61 million people annuallyWHO estimates that only ~14% of those in need receive palliative care worldwideThe concentration of opioid access in a small number of high-income countries, leaving over 80% of the global population underservedStructural barriers in Georgia, including limited geographic coverage and urban concentration of servicesGaps in workforce capacity, training, and integration into mainstream healthcare deliveryRegulatory and administrative constraints affecting access to opioid analgesicsPalliative care is increasingly recognised as a fundamental component of universal health coverage (UHC) and people-centred health systems. This episode reframes palliative care not only as a clinical service, but as a health system indicator — a tracer of equity, continuity of care, and access to essential medicines.Drawing on global and national evidence, we explore how unmet need in palliative care reveals systemic gaps in service delivery, governance, and health system design.Georgia provides a compelling case study of a health system in transition. Despite progress in healthcare reform, palliative care remains insufficiently developed, with limited community-based services, regulatory barriers, and uneven access across regions.This episode demonstrates how strengthening palliative care requires:Expansion of community and home-based care modelsBalanced opioid policy implementationImproved workforce training and educationIntegration of palliative care into national health strategiesMore broadly, it highlights how palliative care can function as a lens for evaluating health system responsiveness and equity in low- and middle-income settings.Patil S, Inaishvili S.Palliative Care as a Health System Indicator in Georgia: Unmet Need, Access Barriers, and Policy Implications.Georgian Medical Journal. 2026;1(1):14–34DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19050661Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/33U05xcBx4ZERFpwppky7dApple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/fr/podcast/the-georgian-medical-journal-podcast/id1879124703YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/@GeorgianMedicalJournalAmazon Music: https://music.amazon.fr/podcasts/4853e78c-2d47-454e-ba85-2e0927829b9f/the-georgian-medical-journal-podcastCastbox: https://castbox.fm/vh/7075396Goodpods: https://go.goodpods.com/HbSmOZPocket Casts: https://pca.st/1krb6adqThe GMJ Podcast is the official knowledge translation platform of the Georgian Medical Journal, bridging science, policy, and global health practice through accessible, high-quality audio content.🔬 Focus of the Episode🌍 Context and Relevance📄 Source Article🎙️ Listen Now📢 About the GMJ Podcast

A Global Resource for Evidence-Based PracticeIn this episode, we build on the momentum of Episode 51, which explored system-level implications for inclusive, resilient healthcare systems, and move deeper into the evidence infrastructure now available to support researchers, clinicians, and policy-makers working in refugee and migrant health.The Georgian Medical Journal Podcast serves as a platform translating scientific evidence into policy-relevant insights for clinicians, researchers, and decision-makers worldwide.This episode presents the GMJ × PHIG Health and Migration Knowledge Hub — a curated open-access platform of 130+ peer-reviewed resources across 14 thematic sections, through a structured, evidence-informed lens:- The WHO Global Action Plan 2019–2030 and the 2026 First Global Baseline Report- WHO Global Competency Standards: 9 standards, 113 countries, 600+ certificates- Mental health evidence: mhGAP-HIG, RHS-15, and the WHO GEHM Series- Climate change and displacement: emerging evidence and policy priorities- Six foundational global policy frameworks every practitioner must know- Training pathways: WHO Academy, ECDC 24-language courses, and Master's degrees🔬 Focus of the EpisodeGlobally, human mobility is at unprecedented levels. Evidence-informed practice in refugee and migrant health requires structured access to authoritative, current resources. This episode maps that landscape — from WHO flagship reports to validated clinical tools, from foundational UN policy frameworks to postgraduate training programmes at Oxford, LSE, LSHTM, and Geneva.🌍 Context and RelevanceThis episode positions the Knowledge Hub not as a reading list, but as a living infrastructure for the global migration health community — produced on a fully volunteer basis by the Georgian Medical Journal and the Public Health Institute of Georgia, with zero external funding.Access the Hub: https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/migration-health🎙️ Listen NowSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/33U05xcBx4ZERFpwppky7dApple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/fr/podcast/the-georgian-medical-journal-podcast/id1879124703YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/@GeorgianMedicalJournalAmazon Music: https://music.amazon.fr/podcasts/4853e78c-2d47-454e-ba85-2e0927829b9f/the-georgian-medical-journal-podcastCastbox: https://castbox.fm/vh/7075396Goodpods: https://go.goodpods.com/HbSmOZPocket Casts: https://pca.st/1krb6adq📢 About the GMJ PodcastThe GMJ Podcast is the official knowledge translation platform of the Georgian Medical Journal, bridging science, policy, and global health practice through accessible, high-quality audio content.

GMJ Podcast | Episode 51 — Global Health, Migration, and Health Systems ResilienceWe are pleased to announce the release of Episode 51 of the Georgian Medical Journal Podcast, continuing our commitment to advancing evidence-based global health dialogue.In this episode, we build on the momentum of Episode 50, which explored WHO findings on refugee and migrant health, and move deeper into the system-level implications for inclusive, resilient healthcare systems.The Georgian Medical Journal Podcast serves as a platform translating scientific evidence into policy-relevant insights for clinicians, researchers, and decision-makers worldwide .This episode explores critical dimensions of migration and health systems through a structured, evidence-informed lens:• Why health system inclusivity is no longer optional but essential• Structural barriers affecting refugees and migrants (legal, financial, cultural)• The role of health system resilience in managing population mobility• Gaps in global data and why comparable indicators are urgently needed• Strategic opportunities for governments and institutionsGlobally, human mobility is at unprecedented levels, with migrants and refugees often experiencing worse health outcomes than host populations. Addressing these disparities is central to achieving universal health coverage and the right to health.This episode positions migration not as a crisis, but as a health systems test — revealing weaknesses, inequalities, and opportunities for reform.Spotifyhttps://open.spotify.com/show/33U05xcBx4ZERFpwppky7dApple Podcastshttps://podcasts.apple.com/fr/podcast/the-georgian-medical-journal-podcast/id1879124703YouTubehttp://www.youtube.com/@GeorgianMedicalJournalAmazon Musichttps://music.amazon.fr/podcasts/4853e78c-2d47-454e-ba85-2e0927829b9f/the-georgian-medical-journal-podcastCastboxhttps://castbox.fm/vh/7075396Goodpodshttps://go.goodpods.com/HbSmOZPocket Castshttps://pca.st/1krb6adqThe GMJ Podcast is the official knowledge translation platform of the Georgian Medical Journal, bridging science, policy, and global health practice through accessible, high-quality audio content .🔬 Focus of the Episode🌍 Context and Relevance🎙️ Listen Now📢 About the GMJ Podcast

In this milestone Episode 50 of the Georgian Medical Journal Podcast, we explore the latest findings from the World Health Organization report on refugee and migrant health, published on 26 March 2026.The report highlights a significant global shift: more than 60 countries now include refugees and migrants in national health policies, marking important progress toward more inclusive and resilient health systems. However, critical gaps remain. Only 37% of countries systematically collect migration-related health data, fewer than half include migrants in emergency preparedness plans, and access to care is still highly unequal—especially for undocumented populations. This episode examines:Why inclusive health systems are essential for global health securityThe link between migration, equity, and universal health coverageReal-world examples from countries implementing innovative solutionsThe policy, ethical, and operational challenges that still persistAs migration continues to shape global health dynamics, the message is clear:health systems are only truly universal when they serve everyone.🎙️ Produced by the Georgian Medical Journal (GMJ)🌍 Bridging science, policy, and global health practice

In this episode of the Georgian Medical Journal Podcast, we present the launch of the UEMS Public Health Section Platform, a new European initiative designed to strengthen collaboration, knowledge exchange, and policy alignment across public health systems.Developed in collaboration with the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) Public Health Section and supported by the Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG), the platform provides a structured academic and professional environment connecting countries, experts, and institutions.We discuss:– The role of UEMS in European healthcare systems– Why public health needs stronger cross-border collaboration– How the platform supports countries, professionals, and policymakers– The importance of evidence-informed public health systems– Future opportunities for engagement and expansionThis episode reflects on the importance of building integrated, resilient, and collaborative public health systems across Europe.

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present the inaugural editorial outlining the vision, editorial standards, and strategic development of the Georgian Medical Journal (GMJ) as a new open-access, peer-reviewed scientific platform.The establishment of transparent, standards-based scientific journals is essential for strengthening national and regional research ecosystems. In contexts where international visibility remains limited, high-quality open-access platforms play a critical role in improving access to reliable scientific knowledge and supporting equitable global scholarly communication.This episode explores the foundational principles guiding GMJ, including its commitment to research integrity, editorial transparency, and alignment with international publishing standards.The episode examines key strategic and editorial components, including:• The vision and positioning of the Georgian Medical Journal• Implementation of international reporting standards (CONSORT, STROBE, PRISMA, CARE, SQUIRE)• Alignment with COPE and ICMJE recommendations• Initial performance indicators from Volume 1, Issue 1• Principles of editorial transparency and ethical publishing• Integration of knowledge translation, including podcast-based dissemination• Strategic roadmap for indexing (DOAJ, Crossref, Scopus)The editorial emphasizes that transparent scientific publishing is a cornerstone of evidence-based decision-making, supporting health systems strengthening and improving access to credible medical information.From a global health perspective, this episode highlights the importance of regionally grounded yet internationally aligned journals in contributing to inclusive and balanced scientific discourse.This episode also reflects the Georgian Medical Journal’s commitment to innovation in knowledge dissemination, including the integration of podcasting as a core component of scientific communication.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/39https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/39/25https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19153914Citation:Pkhakadze, G. (2026). Launching the Georgian Medical Journal: Transparency, Editorial Standards, and the Foundations of a New Open-Access Platform. The Georgian Medical Journal, 1(1), 244–248.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19153914

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present a forward-looking analysis of Tskaltubo as a model for structured spa-based therapeutic systems, integrating radon balneotherapy, rehabilitation, and preventive health within an evidence-based framework.As healthcare systems increasingly shift toward prevention, rehabilitation, and integrated care models, traditional spa-based therapies are gaining renewed attention. This episode explores how Tskaltubo’s unique mineral water properties and clinical applications can be positioned within modern, standardized healthcare delivery systems.The discussion highlights the potential of radon balneotherapy and mineral-based interventions to support recovery, improve functional outcomes, and contribute to long-term health maintenance when applied within structured, evidence-based protocols.The episode examines key strategic and clinical considerations, including:• The role of Tskaltubo in modern rehabilitation and preventive healthcare• Mechanisms and clinical applications of radon balneotherapy• Integration of spa-based therapies into evidence-based medical systems• Standardization, quality assurance, and clinical governance• Economic and health system implications of therapeutic spa models• Opportunities for international positioning and medical tourismThe findings suggest that Tskaltubo has the potential to serve as a model for integrating traditional therapeutic resources into modern healthcare systems, provided that robust clinical evidence, standardized protocols, and governance frameworks are established.From a health systems perspective, this episode emphasizes the importance of aligning spa-based interventions with evidence-based medicine, quality standards, and international best practices.This episode highlights the opportunity to transform historically established therapeutic practices into structured, scalable, and internationally recognized healthcare services.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/25https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19116251Citation:Shavianidze, M., & Lomidze, G. (2026). Tskaltubo and the Future of Structured Spa-Based Therapeutic Systems: Integrating Radon Balneotherapy, Rehabilitation, and Preventive Health in Evidence-Based Care. The Georgian Medical Journal, 1(1), 151–168.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19116251

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present a clinically focused analysis of angioplasty in saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), based on a single-center retrospective study with a comprehensive literature review.Saphenous vein graft failure remains a significant challenge in long-term management of patients after CABG. This episode explores the complexity of treating degenerated or occluded vein grafts, where percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often associated with higher complication rates compared to native vessel interventions.The discussion highlights key procedural risks, including distal embolization, no-reflow phenomenon, and restenosis, and examines strategies to optimize outcomes in this high-risk patient population.The episode examines key clinical considerations, including:• Pathophysiology and failure mechanisms of saphenous vein grafts• Indications for angioplasty in SVG lesions• Procedural risks, including distal embolization and no-reflow• Use of embolic protection devices and drug-eluting stents• Comparison of outcomes between SVG and native vessel interventions• Clinical decision-making in complex post-CABG patientsThe findings emphasize that angioplasty of saphenous vein grafts is inherently high-risk and requires careful patient selection, procedural planning, and use of advanced interventional techniques to minimize complications.From a clinical perspective, this episode underscores the importance of evidence-based strategies and operator expertise in improving outcomes for patients undergoing SVG interventions.This episode highlights the value of combining real-world clinical data with literature synthesis to inform best practices in interventional cardiology.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/19https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1913633Citation:Davarashvili, I., & Asher, E. (2026). Angioplasty of Saphenous Vein Grafts After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Study with Literature Review. The Georgian Medical Journal, 1(1), 228–243.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1913633

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present a prospective clinical study evaluating the effects of Tskaltubo low-radon nitrogen mineral baths on erythrocyte biophysical parameters and microcirculation in patients with osteoarthritis.Balneotherapy has long been used in the management of musculoskeletal conditions; however, its physiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This episode explores how mineral water exposure may influence blood rheology, red blood cell function, and microvascular circulation — key factors in tissue oxygenation and joint health.The study provides insight into how low-radon nitrogen mineral baths may contribute to improved microcirculatory dynamics and cellular function, potentially supporting symptom relief and functional improvement in osteoarthritis patients.The episode examines key clinical and scientific considerations, including:• Effects of mineral baths on erythrocyte deformability and aggregation• Microcirculation and its role in osteoarthritis pathophysiology• Mechanisms of action of low-dose radon and dissolved nitrogen• Clinical implications for rehabilitation and non-pharmacological therapy• Integration of balneotherapy into evidence-based treatment strategies• Limitations of current evidence and directions for future researchThe findings suggest that balneotherapy may exert measurable physiological effects at the cellular and microvascular level, supporting its role as a complementary intervention in osteoarthritis management. However, further large-scale and controlled studies are needed to confirm clinical efficacy and establish standardized treatment protocols.From a clinical perspective, this episode highlights the importance of integrating traditional therapeutic modalities with modern scientific evaluation to optimize patient outcomes.This episode underscores the growing relevance of multidisciplinary approaches in rehabilitation medicine, combining physiology, clinical practice, and public health perspectives.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/26https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19076785Citation:Shavianidze, G., Shavianidze, M., & Lomidze, G. (2026). Influence of Tskaltubo Low-Radon Nitrogen Mineral Baths on Erythrocyte Biophysical Parameters and Microcirculation in Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Clinical Study. The Georgian Medical Journal, 1(1), 99–114.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19076785

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present a policy-focused analysis examining infant formula contamination as a systemic failure of global food safety governance, drawing lessons from the 2025–2026 cereulide outbreak.Infant formula represents one of the most sensitive and highly regulated food products worldwide. However, recent contamination events involving cereulide-producing Bacillus cereus have exposed critical vulnerabilities in global food safety systems, supply chains, and regulatory oversight mechanisms.This episode explores how failures across multiple levels — including production, quality control, surveillance, and international coordination — can converge to create significant public health risks, particularly for infants and other vulnerable populations.The episode examines key public health and governance considerations, including:• The microbiological risks associated with cereulide toxin contamination• Gaps in global food safety governance and regulatory enforcement• Supply chain vulnerabilities and quality assurance failures• Limitations of current surveillance and early warning systems• The role of international coordination in outbreak response• Implications for risk communication and public trustThe findings highlight that infant formula contamination is not an isolated technical issue, but rather a systemic governance challenge requiring coordinated, multi-level interventions. The outbreak underscores the need for stronger regulatory frameworks, improved transparency, and more effective global surveillance mechanisms.From a public health perspective, this episode emphasizes the importance of proactive risk management, accountability, and evidence-based policy-making to prevent future incidents and protect vulnerable populations.This episode highlights the urgent need to strengthen global food safety systems and reinforces the role of scientific evidence in shaping effective regulatory and public health responses.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/37https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19113543Citation:Pkhakadze, G. (2026). Infant Formula Contamination as a Systemic Failure of Global Food Safety Governance: Lessons from the 2025–2026 Cereulide Outbreak. The Georgian Medical Journal, 1(1), 135–151.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19113543

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present an evidence-based analysis of cardiovascular screening in pediatric athletes, focusing on prevalence, risk stratification, and implications for public health based on data from a Georgian population cohort.Sudden cardiac events in young athletes, although rare, represent a critical concern for clinicians, families, and sports organizations. This episode explores the role of systematic cardiovascular screening in early identification of underlying cardiac conditions that may predispose young individuals to adverse events during physical activity.The discussion highlights the importance of structured screening protocols, including clinical evaluation, electrocardiography, and risk-based stratification approaches tailored to pediatric populations.The episode examines key clinical and public health considerations, including:• Prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities in pediatric athletes• Risk stratification strategies for early detection of high-risk individuals• The role of screening tools, including ECG and clinical assessment• Balancing sensitivity, specificity, and cost-effectiveness in screening programs• Ethical and policy considerations in mandatory vs. targeted screening• Implications for national sports medicine and public health policiesThe findings emphasize that well-designed screening programs can play a crucial role in preventing adverse cardiac events, while also raising important questions regarding implementation, resource allocation, and potential overdiagnosis.From a public health perspective, this episode highlights the need for evidence-based, context-specific screening strategies that ensure both safety and feasibility within national healthcare systems.This episode underscores the importance of integrating clinical cardiology, sports medicine, and public health policy to protect young athletes and promote safe participation in physical activity.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/31https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19091480Citation:Shervashidze, M. (2026). Cardiovascular Screening in Pediatric Athletes: Prevalence, Risk Stratification, and Public Health Implications from a Georgian Population Cohort. The Georgian Medical Journal, 1(1), 115–135.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19091480

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present a policy-focused analysis examining IT Service Management (ITSM) as an operational governance framework for healthcare systems, with particular attention to procurement processes and service delivery performance.As healthcare systems become increasingly digitalized, the role of structured IT governance has become critical for ensuring quality, efficiency, accountability, and continuity of care. This episode explores how ITSM frameworks can support standardized, transparent, and outcome-oriented management of digital health services.The analysis highlights how ITSM principles — including service lifecycle management, incident response, change management, and performance monitoring — can be integrated into healthcare governance structures to improve system reliability and patient safety.The episode examines key policy and operational considerations, including:• The role of IT Service Management in healthcare governance• Integration of ITSM into procurement and contracting processes• Service-level agreements (SLAs) and performance accountability• Risk management, incident handling, and system resilience• Digital infrastructure governance and interoperability challenges• Implications for health system efficiency, quality, and patient outcomesThe findings suggest that ITSM provides a structured and scalable approach to managing increasingly complex digital health ecosystems. When effectively implemented, it can enhance transparency, reduce operational risks, and support evidence-based decision-making in both procurement and service delivery.From a policy perspective, this episode emphasizes the importance of aligning digital health investments with governance frameworks that prioritize quality, accountability, and long-term system sustainability.This episode highlights the growing need for interdisciplinary collaboration between healthcare professionals, IT specialists, and policy-makers to ensure that digital transformation translates into measurable improvements in health system performance.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/35https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19068554Citation:Machaladze, O. (2026). IT Service Management as an Operational Governance Framework for Healthcare Systems: A Policy Analysis of Procurement and Service Delivery. The Georgian Medical Journal, 1(1), 82–98.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19068554

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present a comprehensive scientific analysis of Tskaltubo mineral water, focusing on its hydrochemical stability, low-dose alpha radiobiology, and nitrogen-mediated neurovascular effects.Tskaltubo mineral water has long been recognized for its therapeutic use in balneotherapy. This episode examines the scientific basis behind its clinical applications, exploring how its unique composition may influence physiological processes, including vascular regulation, neural signaling, and systemic adaptation.The discussion highlights emerging evidence on the biological effects of low-dose alpha radiation and dissolved gases, particularly nitrogen, and their potential role in modulating neurovascular function and rehabilitation outcomes.The episode examines key scientific and clinical considerations, including:• Hydrochemical composition and long-term stability of Tskaltubo mineral water• Mechanisms of low-dose alpha radiobiology and adaptive responses• The role of nitrogen in neurovascular modulation• Potential therapeutic applications in rehabilitation and chronic conditions• Integration of balneotherapy into modern evidence-based medicine• Limitations of current evidence and need for further clinical validationThe findings suggest that while traditional therapeutic use is well established, modern scientific evaluation provides a deeper understanding of potential mechanisms underlying observed clinical effects. However, further high-quality clinical research is required to confirm efficacy and define standardized therapeutic protocols.This episode highlights the importance of integrating traditional therapeutic practices with contemporary scientific validation, ensuring safe, evidence-based application within modern healthcare systems.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/35Citation:Shavianidze, M., & Lomidze, G. (2026). Hydrochemical Stability, Low-Dose Alpha Radiobiology and Nitrogen-Mediated Neurovascular Modulation: A Comprehensive Scientific Evaluation of Tskaltubo Mineral Water. The Georgian Medical Journal.

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present a clinically focused discussion of a complex cardiovascular case involving staged hybrid coronary revascularization in an elderly patient with non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and high surgical risk.This episode explores the rationale and clinical decision-making behind combining surgical and percutaneous approaches in a high-risk octogenarian patient. Hybrid coronary revascularization represents an evolving strategy aimed at optimizing outcomes by integrating the durability of surgical grafting with the minimally invasive advantages of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).The case highlights key challenges in managing elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, increased procedural risk, and complex coronary anatomy. Special attention is given to individualized treatment planning, balancing procedural risks, and achieving optimal revascularization outcomes.The episode examines key clinical considerations, including:• Indications for hybrid coronary revascularization in high-risk patients• Decision-making in elderly patients with NSTEMI and complex coronary disease• Integration of surgical and percutaneous strategies• Risk stratification and perioperative management• Clinical outcomes and safety considerations• The role of CARE guidelines in structuring high-quality case reportsThe findings demonstrate the importance of personalized, multidisciplinary approaches in cardiovascular care, particularly in vulnerable patient populations. Hybrid strategies may offer a viable alternative to conventional approaches in carefully selected patients.This episode emphasizes the value of case-based evidence in advancing clinical understanding, supporting decision-making, and improving patient-centered care.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/27https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19132069Citation:Gabaidze, G., Zhvania, N., Tsintsadze, N., Chkhatrishvili, N., & Katcharava, M. (2026). Staged Hybrid Coronary Revascularization in an Octogenarian with NSTEMI and High Surgical Risk: A CARE-Compliant Case Report. The Georgian Medical Journal, 1(1), 199–208.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19132069

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present an evidence-based analysis exploring the relationship between metabolic dysfunction and acne severity, with important implications for clinical practice and public health.Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological conditions worldwide, traditionally explained by androgen activity, follicular hyperkeratinization, sebaceous gland dysfunction, microbial imbalance, and inflammation. However, growing evidence suggests that systemic metabolic disturbances — including insulin resistance, IGF-1 signaling, obesity, dyslipidemia, and endocrine dysregulation — may significantly influence disease severity and persistence.This episode explores how metabolic pathways interact with dermatological mechanisms, highlighting the role of insulin signaling, IGF-1 activation, and mTORC1 pathways in promoting sebaceous activity, inflammation, and androgen bioavailability.The episode examines key clinical and public health considerations, including:• The role of insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in acne severity• IGF-1 and mTORC1 signaling as central biological drivers• The impact of obesity, adipokines, and chronic low-grade inflammation• Dyslipidemia and its heterogeneous association with acne• The link between acne and endocrine disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome• The distinction between metabolic syndrome and its individual componentsThe findings indicate that while acne should not be classified as a metabolic disease, its severity may be influenced by systemic metabolic and hormonal processes. The strongest evidence supports insulin resistance and IGF-1–mediated pathways, while associations with metabolic syndrome remain inconsistent.From a clinical perspective, this episode supports a more integrated, patient-centered dermatological approach, particularly in cases of severe, persistent, treatment-resistant, or hormonally driven acne.This episode highlights the importance of interdisciplinary care, early identification of metabolic risk factors, and the need for further research to clarify causality and guide targeted interventions.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/36https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19135373Citation:Inaishvili, M., & Glonti, S. (2026). Metabolic Dysfunction and Acne Severity: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. The Georgian Medical Journal.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19135373

In this episode of the ⁠GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal⁠ — we present an evidence-based analysis examining the relationship between acne and metabolic dysfunction, with a focus on insulin resistance, IGF-1 signaling, and their clinical implications.Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological conditions worldwide, traditionally explained by androgen activity, follicular hyperkeratinization, sebaceous gland dysfunction, microbial imbalance, and inflammation. However, growing evidence indicates that systemic metabolic disturbances — particularly insulin resistance and related endocrine pathways — may play a significant role in disease severity and persistence.This episode explores how metabolic mechanisms influence dermatological outcomes, highlighting the role of insulin signaling, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and mTORC1 pathways in promoting sebaceous gland activity, inflammation, and increased androgen bioavailability.The episode examines key clinical and public health considerations, including:• The role of insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in acne severity• IGF-1 and mTORC1 signaling as central biological drivers• The influence of obesity, adipokines, and chronic low-grade inflammation• Dyslipidemia and its heterogeneous association with acne• Links between acne and endocrine disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome• The distinction between metabolic syndrome and its individual componentsThe findings suggest that while acne should not be classified as a metabolic disease, its severity may be influenced by systemic metabolic and hormonal processes. The strongest evidence supports a role for insulin resistance and IGF-1–mediated pathways, while associations with metabolic syndrome as a unified condition remain inconsistent.From a clinical perspective, this episode supports a more integrated, patient-centered dermatological approach, particularly in cases of severe, persistent, treatment-resistant, or hormonally driven acne.This episode highlights the importance of interdisciplinary care, early identification of metabolic risk factors, and the need for further research to clarify causality and guide targeted interventions.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19135373Citation:Inaishvili, M., & Glonti, S. (2026). Metabolic Dysfunction and Acne Severity: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. The Georgian Medical Journal.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19135373

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal — we present a policy-focused analysis examining the rapid rise of NAD⁺ injections and NAD-boosting supplements in the context of public health, clinical evidence, and regulatory oversight.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is a fundamental coenzyme involved in cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair, and immune regulation. However, its growing use in wellness markets through injections, infusions, and oral supplements such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has significantly outpaced evidence on clinical effectiveness and long-term safety.The analysis explores how mechanistic scientific findings have been translated into large-scale consumer interventions without sufficient outcomes-based evidence.The episode examines key public health concerns, including:• The gap between biomarker changes and clinically meaningful outcomes• Adverse effects and pharmacological activity observed in human studies• Long-term safety uncertainties, including cardiovascular and cancer-related risks• Product quality issues, including supplement adulteration and regulatory limitations• The role of health misinformation in accelerating adoption• Implications for healthcare systems, including potential downstream burdenThe findings highlight that NAD⁺ interventions, while biologically active, remain unproven in terms of disease prevention, longevity, or clinical benefit. From a public health perspective, the combination of uncertain benefit, measurable risk, and increasing population exposure represents a concerning risk profile.This episode emphasizes the importance of precautionary policy, strengthened pharmacovigilance, and evidence-based communication in addressing emerging health trends.https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/15https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/15/10https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19051458Citation:Pkhakadze, G. (2026). NAD⁺ Injections and “NAD Boosters”: Public Health Risks, Adverse Effects, and Regulatory Implications in the Context of Rapid Consumer Adoption. The Georgian Medical Journal, 1(1), 35–43.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19051458

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal — we present a newly published original research article examining the impact of artificial intelligence–generated health information on doctor–patient communication in outpatient clinical settings in Georgia.The study investigates how the growing use of AI-driven digital health tools is influencing clinical encounters. Patients increasingly attend consultations after interacting with AI systems, symptom checkers, and other algorithm-based platforms, introducing new dynamics into communication between patients and physicians.Using a convergent mixed-methods design, the research combines quantitative survey data from patients and physicians with qualitative insights from physician interviews. The findings demonstrate that a substantial proportion of patients use AI-based health information prior to consultations, while physicians frequently encounter AI-informed patients in routine practice.The study highlights that AI-generated information is variable in accuracy and often requires professional interpretation. Consultations involving AI-informed patients may require additional time, and many patients do not disclose their use of AI tools, creating communication gaps.These findings suggest that artificial intelligence is reshaping the informational environment of clinical care and redefining the role of the physician.Read the articlehttps://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/21PDF versionhttps://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/21/10DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19057370Citation:Artificial Intelligence–Informed Patients and the Transformation of Doctor–Patient Communication: Evidence from a Mixed-Methods Study in Georgian Outpatient Clinics. Georgian Medical Journal. 2026.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19057370

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal — we present a newly published case report describing the coexistence of bronchopulmonary adenocarcinoma and tuberculous lymphadenitis, diagnosed through CT-guided biopsy.The article is authored by Aymar Kassa Boukat (ORCID: 0009-0004-2064-8362), Massine El Hammoumi (ORCID: 0000-0001-6892-8444), Benameur Yassir (ORCID: 0000-0003-4611-1753), and El Hassane Kabiri (ORCID: 0000-0001-5514-8983), affiliated with the Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed V and University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.This rare case highlights the diagnostic complexity associated with the coexistence of malignant and infectious processes within the thoracic lymphatic system. Differentiating between metastatic lymph node involvement and tuberculous lymphadenitis presents a significant clinical challenge, particularly in settings where tuberculosis remains prevalent.The report emphasises the critical role of CT-guided biopsy and histopathological confirmation in establishing an accurate diagnosis. It also demonstrates how misclassification of lymph node pathology may affect TNM staging and lead to inappropriate therapeutic decisions.The findings underline the importance of integrated diagnostic strategies combining imaging, microbiological assessment, and pathology, as well as coordinated oncological and anti-tuberculosis management.Read the articlehttps://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/17PDF versionhttps://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/17/10DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19053394Citation:Boukat AK, El Hammoumi M, Yassir B, Kabiri EH. Coexistence of Bronchopulmonary Adenocarcinoma and Tuberculous Lymphadenitis Diagnosed by CT-Guided Biopsy: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Georgian Medical Journal. 2026.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19053394

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal — we present a newly published commentary examining palliative care as a key indicator of health system performance in Georgia.The article, authored by Sharvari Patil (Shota Rustaveli Batumi State University; ORCID: 0009-0003-0894-9886) and Sulkhan Inaishvili (Avicenna Batumi Medical University; ORCID: 0009-0004-6639-6068), explores unmet needs, access barriers, and policy implications related to palliative care services.Palliative care is increasingly recognised as a fundamental component of universal health coverage and people-centred health systems. However, global evidence indicates that a large proportion of individuals experiencing serious health-related suffering do not receive adequate care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.This commentary provides a policy-oriented analysis combining international evidence, national data, and health system perspectives. It highlights key challenges in Georgia, including limited service availability, concentration of care in urban areas, insufficient development of community-based services, workforce gaps, and regulatory barriers affecting access to opioid analgesics.The findings suggest that palliative care should be understood not only as a clinical service but also as an important indicator of health system equity, accessibility, and responsiveness.Read the articlehttps://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/14PDF versionhttps://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/14/9DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19050661Citation:Patil S, Inaishvili S. Palliative Care as a Health System Indicator in Georgia: Unmet Need, Access Barriers, and Policy Implications. Georgian Medical Journal. 2026;1(1):14–34.

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the officialpodcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we present a newly published commentary exploring the broader role of public health policy in the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).The article, authored by Owen Thomas (Independentresearcher), examines how public health policy extends beyond immediate behavioural change and functions as a long-term educational and normative forcewithin society.While many NCD prevention strategies are evaluated basedon short-term outcomes, such as changes in individual behaviour, this commentary highlights the importance of considering how policy shapes socialnorms, public expectations, and health-related decision-making over time.The paper argues that public health interventions—including regulatory measures, taxation, and governance approaches—play a critical role in influencing societal values and collectivebehaviour. Recognising this broader impact is essential for understanding both the effectiveness and ethical legitimacy of public health policies.The commentary contributes to ongoing discussions on therole of policy in addressing the global burden of non-communicable diseases and supports the development of more comprehensive, evidence-informed strategies.Read the article:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/public-health-policy-educational-ncdDOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19046201Citation:Thomas O. Public Health Policy as Educational: BeyondShort Term Behaviour Change in Non-Communicable Disease Prevention. GeorgianMedical Journal. 2026;1(1):8–13. doi:10.5281/zenodo.19046201

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we announce the launch of a new independent, peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to advancing medical science, public health research, and evidence-based health policy in Georgia and internationally.The Georgian Medical Journal has been established as a modern scientific platform designed to strengthen research visibility, support academic development, and promote international collaboration. The founding editorial outlines the journal’s vision, mission, and strategic priorities.The journal focuses on publishing high-quality peer-reviewed research, supporting early-career researchers, and addressing national, regional, and global health challenges through evidence-based approaches.The first issue (Volume 1, Issue 1 – 2026) is currently being finalized and includes a range of editorial articles, policy analyses, and public health research contributions.The creation of the journal is linked to broader discussions within the European medical community, including the European Union of Medical Specialists Autumn Council Meeting held in Tbilisi in October 2025. These discussions highlighted ongoing challenges related to the international visibility of Georgian scientific research.The Georgian Medical Journal aims to address these challenges by providing an accessible publication platform, reducing financial barriers, and strengthening integration into the global scientific community.The journal also introduces the GMJ Podcast as a complementary channel for knowledge translation, supporting communication between academia, clinical practice, and health policy.Read the founding editorial:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/article/view/33/7DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19040129Listen to the GMJ Podcast on Spotify:https://open.spotify.com/show/33U05xcBx4ZERFpwppky7dThe Georgian Medical Journal invites submissions from researchers, clinicians, and public health professionals. Submission and publication fees are currently waived during the initial phase to support broad academic participation.

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine recent scientific evidence exploring whether daily multivitamin supplementation may influence biological ageing.The discussion is based on findings published in Nature Medicine from the COSMOS randomized clinical trial. Researchers analysed the effects of multivitamin–multimineral supplementation and cocoa extract on epigenetic ageing markers among older adults.Epigenetic clocks, which estimate biological age using DNA methylation patterns, were used to evaluate potential biological ageing processes. The results indicated that participants who received daily multivitamin supplementation demonstrated a modest but statistically significant slowing of several second-generation epigenetic ageing markers during the two-year intervention period.In contrast, cocoa extract supplementation did not show measurable effects on the analysed epigenetic ageing indicators.Although the observed effect was relatively small, the findings contribute to the growing scientific discussion on whether nutritional interventions may influence biological ageing and long-term health outcomes.ReferenceLi S et al. Effects of daily multivitamin–multimineral and cocoa extract supplementation on epigenetic aging clocks in the COSMOS randomized clinical trial. Nature Medicine. 2026. doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04239-3

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we explore one of the most important concepts in modern public health: health systems and their role in protecting population health.Health systems represent the structures, institutions and resources that deliver healthcare services to populations. They include hospitals, primary healthcare facilities, healthcare workers, medicines, financing systems and health governance mechanisms.Strong health systems are essential for delivering routine healthcare services, preventing disease and responding effectively to public health emergencies. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how the resilience of national health systems directly influences the ability of countries to protect populations and manage large-scale health crises.International organizations such as the World Health Organization define health systems through several core functions:• service delivery• health workforce• health information systems• access to essential medicines and technologies• health financing• leadership and governanceThese components together determine how effectively a country can deliver healthcare services and ensure equitable access to care.The episode examines why health systems research has become a central field in global health and how scientific evidence informs policy decisions that improve healthcare quality, accessibility and sustainability.Topics discussed include:• the structure and components of modern health systems• the importance of primary healthcare• health system resilience during public health emergencies• financing and sustainability of healthcare systems• the role of research and data in shaping health policyThe episode highlights how strong health systems are essential for achieving universal health coverage, improving health outcomes and reducing inequalities in access to care.The GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we explore how medical research evolves from an initial scientific idea into a published article that contributes to global medical knowledge.Scientific journals play a central role in modern medicine. They provide a platform where researchers can present new findings, where experts critically evaluate evidence, and where knowledge becomes part of the scientific record. Through this process, scientific evidence informs clinical practice, health policy and public health decisions worldwide.The episode examines the key stages of scientific publishing, including how researchers develop a study, how manuscripts are submitted to journals, and how the peer-review process evaluates the quality, reliability and scientific integrity of research before publication.The discussion highlights several essential elements of the scientific publication process:• developing a research question and study design• collecting and analyzing scientific data• preparing a manuscript according to academic standards• the role of peer review in validating scientific evidence• editorial decision-making and publication ethicsScientific journals such as the Georgian Medical Journal (GMJ) serve as a bridge between research and real-world health practice. By publishing peer-reviewed studies, journals help ensure that medical knowledge is transparent, verifiable and accessible to the global scientific community.The episode also explores how scientific publications influence clinical guidelines, public health strategies and healthcare policy decisions, demonstrating the critical importance of evidence-based medicine.Through this discussion, the GMJ Podcast highlights the value of rigorous research, responsible scientific communication and international collaboration in advancing medical science.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we introduce a new thematic series highlighting practical, evidence-based public health information published on SheniEkimi.ge, a Georgian digital health platform developed to translate scientific knowledge into accessible guidance for families and communities.SheniEkimi.ge operates as part of a collaborative public health communication initiative involving three institutions:• SheniEkimi.ge – a digital health information platform delivering evidence-based medical guidance for the general public• Public Health Institute of Georgia – a national public health research and policy institute working on population health, health systems and safety• Georgian Medical Journal (GMJ) – a peer-reviewed medical journal promoting scientific research and international academic dialogueThe platform publishes scientifically grounded articles aimed at improving health literacy and preventive health awareness. Its content is primarily written in Georgian but is supported by a multilingual translation system that allows readers to access articles in multiple languages.This episode reviews five recent public health topics highlighted on SheniEkimi.ge:• foods that support cardiovascular health and help reduce the risk of heart disease• the hidden dangers of consuming mold-contaminated food• early warning signs that may appear before a heart attack• how to distinguish between different types of skin rashes in children• the scientifically correct way to prepare lemon water and common misconceptionsThese examples demonstrate how scientific evidence and international health recommendations can be translated into clear and practical information that supports everyday health decisions.Through initiatives such as SheniEkimi.ge, the broader GMJ ecosystem seeks to strengthen the connection between scientific research, public health policy and public communication, helping individuals and families access reliable medical information.Primary source platform:https://www.sheniekimi.geJournal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine a new World Health Organization guideline calling for a global shift toward environmentally friendly, less invasive and more affordable oral health care.Dental diseases, particularly dental caries (tooth decay), remain among the most common health conditions worldwide. WHO estimates that billions of people are affected by oral diseases, which often remain untreated and place a major burden on health systems.The new WHO guidance provides evidence-based recommendations for preventing and managing dental caries using minimally invasive approaches and mercury-free dental materials. These strategies aim to improve patient outcomes while also reducing the environmental impact of dental care. For decades, dental amalgam containing mercury has been widely used in restorative dentistry. However, concerns about environmental pollution and mercury exposure have led to global efforts to phase down the use of mercury-based dental materials and promote safer alternatives. The new WHO recommendations encourage countries to adopt oral health strategies that emphasize prevention, early detection and minimally invasive treatment options.Key themes discussed in this episode include:• The global burden of oral diseases• Minimally invasive approaches to managing dental caries• Mercury-free dental materials and environmental sustainability• Integrating oral health care into primary health care systems• The role of prevention in reducing global oral health inequalitiesThe WHO emphasizes that shifting toward preventive, patient-centred and environmentally sustainable oral health systems will help expand access to care while supporting broader global goals related to environmental protection and universal health coverage.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/03-03-2026-who-calls-for-a-global-shift-to-environmentally-friendly--less-invasive-and-affordable-oral-health-careThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine a major global public health milestone reported by the World Health Organization: Denmark has become the first country in the European Union to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis. The WHO certification recognizes Denmark’s sustained commitment to ensuring that every child is born free of these infections, achieved through strong maternal health systems, universal healthcare and integrated prenatal screening programs. To reach this milestone, Denmark maintained extremely low transmission rates while achieving high coverage of testing and treatment among pregnant women, meeting WHO validation criteria between 2021 and 2024. WHO validation requires that countries test and treat at least 95% of pregnant women and maintain very low infant infection rates, below 50 cases per 100,000 births over multiple years. Denmark’s success has been supported by:• universal access to maternal health services• routine HIV and syphilis screening during pregnancy• early treatment and prevention programmes• strong national surveillance and data systems• rights-based healthcare policies ensuring equal access to careThe WHO also notes that Denmark is now working toward “triple elimination,” adding hepatitis B prevention to the existing HIV and syphilis achievements. This milestone demonstrates that sustained investment in primary healthcare, maternal health services and integrated screening programmes can effectively prevent vertical transmission of infectious diseases and protect newborn health.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/27-02-2026-denmark-becomes-first-country-in-the-european-union-to-eliminate-of-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hiv-and-syphilisThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine a World Health Organization call to strengthen global efforts to prevent and address childhood hearing loss.Hearing loss in children remains a significant global public health issue. According to WHO estimates, more than 34 million children worldwide live with disabling hearing loss, and many cases remain undetected or untreated. The WHO emphasizes that nearly 60% of ear and hearing problems could be prevented or treated through early interventions delivered at primary healthcare level, including trained health workers, appropriate equipment and access to hearing services. Untreated hearing loss can have profound consequences for children. It may delay speech and language development, impair cognitive and social growth and negatively affect educational achievement and future employment opportunities. To address these challenges, WHO highlights the importance of early detection, prevention and accessible care, particularly through community and school health programmes.Key areas discussed in this episode include:• The global burden of childhood hearing loss• Preventable causes of hearing impairment in children• The importance of early hearing screening and diagnosis• Integrating ear and hearing care into primary healthcare• Community and school-based programmes to improve early identificationThe WHO also promotes new tools and resources to support countries in expanding hearing screening programmes and strengthening health systems so that children with hearing problems can receive timely treatment and rehabilitation.The organization emphasizes that no child should be left behind due to unaddressed hearing problems, and that early intervention can dramatically improve developmental and educational outcomes.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/03-03-2026-who-highlights-the-importance-of-addressing-childhood-hearing-lossThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine the latest update from the World Health Organization on the Health Inequality Data Repository and the Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT).Health inequalities remain one of the most persistent challenges in global public health. Differences in income, education, gender, geography and social conditions continue to influence access to healthcare services and overall health outcomes.The WHO Health Inequality Data Repository is the largest global collection of publicly available disaggregated health data. It includes millions of data points covering thousands of health indicators, enabling researchers and policymakers to analyze disparities across different population groups.The repository can be explored through the Health Equity Assessment Toolkit, an interactive analytical platform that allows users to visualize inequalities, compare populations and calculate measures of health disparities.The updated resources aim to support governments, researchers and international organizations in identifying vulnerable populations and designing policies that reduce health gaps.The episode explores several key themes:• Why measuring health inequalities is essential for effective health policy• The importance of disaggregated health data• Digital tools for monitoring population health disparities• The role of social determinants in shaping health outcomes• Evidence-based approaches to advancing health equityWHO emphasizes that strengthening global health data systems and improving inequality monitoring are essential to ensure that health policies reach the populations most in need and support equitable health systems worldwide.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/03-03-2026-who-releases-updated-health-inequality-data-repository-and-health-equity-assessment-toolkitThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine the Sixth WHO Global School on Refugee and Migrant Health, a flagship capacity-building initiative aimed at strengthening leadership and policy responses to migrant and refugee health worldwide.Human mobility is reshaping global health systems. Today, more than one billion people worldwide are on the move, including approximately 117 million forcibly displaced individuals. Refugees and migrants often face significant barriers to health services, including legal, financial, linguistic and social obstacles that limit access to care. The Sixth Global School on Refugee and Migrant Health was convened by the World Health Organization from 9–11 December 2025 in Geneva, bringing together around 1200 participants from 143 countries, including policymakers, health professionals, researchers and representatives from civil society and international organizations. The event focused on the theme “Leadership in health and migration: policies and actions across countries”, highlighting how stronger governance, cross-sector collaboration and evidence-informed policies can improve health outcomes for migrants and refugees. Participants discussed strategies to:• integrate migrant and refugee health into universal health coverage• strengthen primary health care systems serving displaced populations• improve mental health and psychosocial support for migrants• promote inclusive and culturally sensitive health services• enhance international cooperation and policy coordinationSince its launch, the WHO Global School on Refugee and Migrant Health has trained thousands of professionals worldwide, serving as an important platform for policy dialogue, knowledge exchange and capacity building in migrant health governance. The WHO emphasizes that improving health services for refugees and migrants requires not only humanitarian assistance but also sustainable health system reforms that ensure equitable access to care for all populations. Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/31-01-2026-the-sixth-who-global-school-on-refugee-and-migrant-health--leadership-from-policies-to-actionThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine new findings from the World Health Organization highlighting the potential global health impact of next-generation influenza vaccines.Influenza remains a major global public health challenge, causing seasonal epidemics that lead to millions of severe illnesses and hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. According to a WHO assessment, improved influenza vaccines could significantly reduce this burden worldwide. The analysis suggests that if next-generation influenza vaccines are widely introduced between 2025 and 2050, they could prevent up to 18 billion influenza cases and save as many as 6.2 million lives globally. Beyond preventing influenza itself, improved vaccination coverage could also reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. WHO modeling indicates that expanded influenza vaccination could prevent up to 1.3 billion defined daily doses of antibiotics from being used globally, helping address the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Next-generation influenza vaccines aim to overcome limitations of current seasonal vaccines by offering:• broader protection against multiple influenza strains• improved vaccine effectiveness• longer duration of immunity• faster production during emerging influenza threatsThese advances could strengthen both seasonal influenza control and pandemic preparedness, making vaccination programs more effective and resilient.The episode explores several key global health themes:• The continuing global burden of influenza• Innovations in next-generation influenza vaccines• The relationship between vaccination and antimicrobial resistance• The role of vaccine innovation in pandemic preparedness• Policy implications for global immunization programsWHO emphasizes that investing in improved influenza vaccines could provide major health, economic and pandemic preparedness benefits for countries worldwide.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/18-02-2026-next-generation-influenza-vaccines-could-save-millions-of-lives--finds-whoThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine new guidance from the World Health Organization on the development of novel treatments for snakebite envenoming, a neglected tropical disease that continues to cause major health impacts worldwide.Snakebites affect an estimated 5.4 million people each year, leading to 83,000 to 138,000 deaths and leaving hundreds of thousands of survivors with permanent disabilities. Many of these cases occur in rural and low-resource settings where access to effective treatment remains limited. To address these challenges, WHO has published the first Target Product Profiles (TPPs) for innovative snakebite therapeutics. These profiles define the minimum and optimal characteristics that new treatments should meet in order to be safe, effective and accessible for populations most at risk. Unlike traditional antivenoms derived from animal plasma, the new guidance focuses on novel approaches such as small-molecule drugs and engineered antibody therapies that could potentially offer safer, more affordable and easier-to-administer treatment options. WHO proposes two key types of future therapeutics:• Hospital-based treatments, potentially used alongside conventional antivenoms• Pre-hospital treatments, designed to stabilize patients immediately after a snakebite and “buy time” until medical care is availableThese innovations could significantly improve survival and reduce long-term disability among snakebite victims, particularly in remote communities where rapid access to hospitals is difficult.The episode explores several key global health issues:• Snakebite envenoming as a neglected tropical disease• Limitations of current antivenom therapies• The role of innovation in developing next-generation treatments• Improving access to treatment in rural and underserved regions• WHO’s global strategy to reduce snakebite deaths and disabilities by 2030The WHO emphasizes that developing safer and more accessible snakebite treatments is essential to address one of the most neglected yet deadly health threats affecting rural populations worldwide.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/27-02-2026-new-who-guidance-on-novel-snakebite-treatments-publishedThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine a World Health Organization analysis highlighting how conflict, fragility and instability significantly increase the risks associated with pregnancy and childbirth.The new WHO technical brief links maternal mortality to the stability of national health systems, showing that women living in fragile or conflict-affected countries face dramatically higher risks during pregnancy. According to the analysis, nearly two-thirds of all maternal deaths worldwide occur in countries affected by conflict or institutional fragility, even though these countries account for only about one-tenth of global births. In 2023 alone, an estimated 160,000 women died from preventable maternal causes in fragile and conflict-affected settings, representing about six out of ten maternal deaths globally. The WHO also reports that the risk of dying from maternal causes during pregnancy is approximately five times higher for women living in conflict-affected countries compared with those in stable settings. The episode explores several key public health issues raised in the analysis:• How armed conflict weakens maternal health systems• Disruptions in access to prenatal and emergency obstetric care• The impact of displacement and humanitarian crises on pregnant women• Health workforce shortages and damaged health infrastructure• The need for stronger maternal health services in fragile settingsThe WHO emphasizes that protecting maternal health in conflict and humanitarian settings requires strengthening health systems, ensuring access to skilled birth attendants and integrating maternal care into emergency health responses.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/17-02-2026-conflict-and-instability-make-pregnancy-more-dangerousThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine the 2026 update of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) released by the World Health Organization.ICD-11 is the global standard used by health systems to classify diseases, injuries and causes of death, enabling countries to collect comparable health statistics and support clinical documentation, research and health policy. The 2026 release continues the evolution of ICD-11 as a digital-ready classification system designed for modern health systems, supporting precise clinical documentation, improved reporting and global comparability of health data. Unlike earlier versions, ICD-11 is designed for integration with electronic health records, digital health platforms and advanced analytics, allowing health systems to connect data collected at the point of care with national and global health intelligence systems. The episode explores several key themes:• ICD-11 as the global standard for disease classification• The role of ICD systems in health statistics and surveillance• How digital coding systems improve global health data interoperability• The importance of standardized classification for health policy and research• The growing role of ICD-11 in digital health ecosystems and AI-driven health data analysisICD-11 was adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2019 and came into effect in 2022, replacing ICD-10 as the international standard for recording diseases and causes of death. The 2026 update represents another step in strengthening global health data infrastructure and improving the ability of health systems worldwide to monitor disease trends and respond to emerging health challenges.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/16-02-2026-icd-11-2026-releaseThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine the updated recommendations released by the World Health Organization on HIV clinical management.The new guidance reflects major advances in HIV treatment science and aims to improve outcomes for people living with HIV while accelerating global progress toward ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. The updated recommendations focus on optimizing antiretroviral therapy, improving prevention of mother-to-child transmission and strengthening tuberculosis prevention among people living with HIV. WHO reaffirmed that dolutegravir-based antiretroviral regimens remain the preferred treatment option, due to their high effectiveness, strong resistance barrier and good tolerability. The guidance also introduces updated recommendations for second-line treatment, now favoring darunavir/ritonavir-based regimens over previously recommended protease inhibitors. In addition, the new recommendations highlight:• simplified antiretroviral treatment regimens• improved management of vertical HIV transmission• shorter tuberculosis preventive treatment options• the role of long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapies• strengthening integrated HIV and TB care servicesThese updates reflect emerging clinical evidence and aim to make HIV care simpler, safer and more accessible, particularly in resource-limited settings where most people living with HIV receive treatment.The WHO emphasizes that improved treatment strategies, combined with expanded prevention programmes and earlier diagnosis, remain essential for achieving the global goal of ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/07-01-2026-who-releases-updated-recommendations-on-hiv-clinical-managementThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine a major milestone in global eye health reported by the World Health Organization (WHO).For the first time since global monitoring began, the number of people requiring interventions against trachoma, the world’s leading infectious cause of blindness, has fallen below 100 million. According to WHO data, the population needing interventions declined to 97.1 million in 2025, compared with 1.5 billion people estimated to be at risk in 2002. This represents a remarkable 94% reduction over the past two decades. Trachoma is a bacterial infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Repeated infections can cause scarring of the eyelid and eventually lead to irreversible blindness if left untreated.The progress achieved globally reflects decades of coordinated efforts by national health systems, international partners and community health programmes implementing the WHO-endorsed SAFE strategy:• Surgery to treat trachomatous trichiasis• Antibiotics to eliminate infection• Facial cleanliness to reduce transmission• Environmental improvements such as better water and sanitationThis coordinated strategy has significantly reduced transmission across many endemic regions and helped numerous countries eliminate trachoma as a public health problem. The episode explores several key public health themes:• Trachoma as the leading infectious cause of blindness• The global success of the SAFE elimination strategy• Partnerships between governments, NGOs and international organizations• The importance of sanitation, hygiene and community health interventions• The global goal of eliminating trachoma as a public health problem by 2030Although major progress has been achieved, nearly 100 million people still require interventions, meaning continued investment and global cooperation will be essential to eliminate the disease completely.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/06-01-2026-global-population-requiring-interventions-against-trachoma-falls-below-100-million-for-the-first-timeThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine a new development from the World Health Organization (WHO) aimed at strengthening the global fight against poliomyelitis.The WHO has announced the prequalification of an additional novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2), expanding global vaccine supply and supporting international efforts to control outbreaks of poliovirus. Prequalification confirms that the vaccine meets international standards of quality, safety and efficacy, allowing United Nations agencies such as UNICEF to procure and distribute the vaccine for immunization campaigns worldwide. The novel oral polio vaccine type 2 was developed to address outbreaks caused by circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2), which can occur in under-immunized populations. Compared with earlier oral polio vaccines, the new vaccine is designed to be more genetically stable, reducing the risk of triggering new outbreaks while still effectively interrupting virus transmission. The newly prequalified vaccine is manufactured by Biological E. Limited in India, following technology transfer from PT Bio Farma in Indonesia, expanding the global manufacturing base and improving supply resilience. The episode discusses several key global health issues:• Progress toward global polio eradication• The challenge of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks• The importance of vaccine innovation in outbreak response• Strengthening global vaccine supply chains• The role of international partnerships in disease eradicationDespite enormous progress in reducing polio worldwide, the virus continues to circulate in some regions. Expanding access to safer and more effective vaccines remains essential for achieving the global goal of polio eradication.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/13-02-2026-who-prequalifies-additional-novel-oral-polio-vaccineThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine a new call from the World Health Organization (WHO) urging countries to expand access to cataract surgery to prevent avoidable blindness worldwide.Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness globally, affecting more than 94 million people. Despite the availability of effective treatment, nearly half of those experiencing cataract-related blindness still lack access to life-changing surgical care. Cataract occurs when the eye’s natural lens becomes cloudy, causing blurred vision and progressive loss of sight. The condition is strongly associated with aging, and the global number of cases continues to rise as populations grow older. The WHO emphasizes that cataract surgery is a simple procedure that typically takes around 15 minutes and can restore sight almost immediately. It is widely considered one of the most cost-effective medical interventions in modern healthcare. However, access to treatment remains highly unequal. In some regions, particularly parts of Africa, three out of four people needing cataract surgery still do not receive it, highlighting major disparities in eye-care services. The episode explores several key public health issues highlighted by the WHO:• Cataract as the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide• The effectiveness and affordability of cataract surgery• Global inequalities in access to eye-care services• The importance of integrating eye examinations into primary healthcare• Workforce development and training of eye-care professionalsThe WHO calls on governments and health systems to strengthen national eye-care services by expanding surgical capacity, investing in equipment and integrating vision screening into primary healthcare systems.Improving access to cataract surgery could restore sight for millions of people and significantly reduce the global burden of avoidable blindness.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/11-02-2026-one-in-two-people-facing-cataract-blindness-need-access-to-life-changing-surgeryThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine a major global analysis from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer showing that nearly four in ten cancer cases worldwide could be prevented.The study estimates that about 37% of all new cancer cases in 2022 — roughly 7.1 million cases — were linked to preventable causes. The findings highlight the enormous potential of prevention strategies to reduce the global cancer burden.Researchers analyzed data from 185 countries and 36 cancer types, identifying 30 modifiable risk factors that contribute to cancer development. These include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, high body mass index, physical inactivity, air pollution, ultraviolet radiation and several infections known to cause cancer.The analysis found that tobacco remains the leading preventable cause of cancer, responsible for about 15% of new cancer cases globally, followed by cancer-causing infections (10%) and alcohol consumption (3%).Three cancer types — lung, stomach and cervical cancer — account for nearly half of all preventable cancer cases worldwide.The episode explores the key implications of this global research:• The role of lifestyle and environmental factors in cancer risk• Tobacco control and alcohol regulation as major prevention strategies• Vaccination against cancer-causing infections such as HPV• The importance of early detection and public awareness• Public health policies needed to reduce preventable cancersThe WHO emphasizes that strengthening prevention policies, improving public health education and reducing exposure to risk factors could significantly reduce cancer incidence worldwide.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/03-02-2026-four-in-ten-cancer-cases-could-be-prevented-globallyThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions published in the Georgian Medical Journal.Journal website:https://gmj.ge/index.php/pub/index#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine a World Health Organization reflection published six years after the global alarm raised during the COVID-19 pandemic.In January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, the highest level of global alert under international health regulations. Six years later, global health leaders are asking a crucial question: is the world better prepared for the next pandemic? The WHO assessment highlights that progress has been made in several areas of pandemic preparedness. Countries have strengthened surveillance systems, expanded laboratory capacity and improved international cooperation on outbreak detection and response. One of the most important developments is the WHO Pandemic Agreement adopted in 2025, which aims to improve global coordination for pandemic prevention, preparedness and response. However, the WHO also warns that global preparedness remains fragile and uneven. Significant gaps persist in financing, health system resilience, equitable access to medical countermeasures and international collaboration.The episode explores several key themes raised by the WHO:• Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic• Global progress in pandemic surveillance and preparedness• The importance of the WHO Pandemic Agreement• Persistent gaps in health system resilience and emergency financing• The role of international cooperation in preventing future pandemicsThe WHO emphasizes that pandemics remain inevitable, and that continued investment in preparedness, early detection and global solidarity will determine how effectively the world responds to the next global health emergency.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/02-02-2026-six-years-after-covid-19-s-global-alarm-is-the-world-better-prepared-for-the-next-pandemicThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions presented in the Georgian Medical Journal, supporting structured academic dialogue on emerging challenges in medicine and public health.#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine the World Health Organization update in which global regulatory authorities reaffirm antimicrobial labelling as a high-impact tool to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR).The announcement follows the Second Global Regulatory Authorities Summit on Antimicrobial Resistance, held in January 2026, where international regulators emphasized that clear, consistent and enforceable labelling of antimicrobial medicines can significantly improve responsible use across human and animal health systems. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious global health threats of the 21st century. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics in human medicine, veterinary practice and agriculture accelerate the emergence of drug-resistant infections, making common diseases harder to treat and increasing the risk of severe illness and death.Regulatory authorities highlighted that clear labelling instructions on antimicrobial medicines can help patients, healthcare professionals and farmers use these medicines more responsibly, improving treatment outcomes while reducing unnecessary exposure and environmental contamination. The episode discusses several key issues addressed by global regulators:• Why antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health threat• The importance of clear antibiotic labelling and instructions for use• Responsible prescribing and antimicrobial stewardship• The One Health approach, linking human, animal and environmental health• Regulatory cooperation to slow the spread of drug-resistant infectionsStrengthening antimicrobial labelling policies is considered a practical, low-cost and high-impact intervention that can improve the safe use, storage and disposal of antibiotics across healthcare systems worldwide. Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/30-01-2026-global-regulatory-authorities-reaffirm-labelling-as-a-high-impact-tool-to-combat-antimicrobial-resistanceThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions presented in the Georgian Medical Journal, supporting structured academic dialogue on emerging challenges in medicine and public health.#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine the World Health Organization’s call for schools worldwide to promote healthier food environments for children.Child nutrition is increasingly recognized as a critical global health challenge. According to WHO data, 188 million children worldwide are living with obesity, while millions more still suffer from undernutrition. This situation reflects what experts describe as the “double burden of malnutrition,” where obesity and undernutrition exist simultaneously within many countries and communities.Schools play a central role in shaping children’s eating habits. Every day, approximately 466 million children receive meals in schools worldwide, making school food systems one of the most powerful platforms for improving child nutrition and long-term health outcomes.The WHO urges governments and education systems to adopt stronger school food policies that encourage healthy diets and reduce exposure to unhealthy products high in sugar, salt and unhealthy fats.Key recommendations discussed in this episode include:• Establishing mandatory nutrition standards for school meals• Limiting sugar, salt and ultra-processed foods in school environments• Restricting the marketing of unhealthy foods to children• Using behavioral approaches to encourage healthier choices• Implementing a whole-school approach that integrates nutrition into the educational environmentImproving school food systems can help prevent childhood obesity, reduce diet-related diseases and support healthier populations in the future.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/27-01-2026-who-urges-schools-worldwide-to-promote-healthy-eating-for-childrenThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions featured in the Georgian Medical Journal, supporting structured academic dialogue on key issues in medicine and public health.#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine the World Health Organization’s new global guide promoting safe, inclusive and child-friendly public spaces.The guide, developed by WHO, UNICEF and UN-Habitat, calls on governments, city planners and policymakers to redesign urban environments so that children’s health, development and well-being are placed at the center of public space planning. Rapid urbanization has reduced access to safe public spaces for many children around the world. Currently only about 44% of urban residents live near open public space, and access drops to around 30% in low- and middle-income countries, leaving millions of children without safe places to play, move and interact. The episode explores the WHO “SPACES” framework, which provides practical guidance for designing healthier cities built around six principles:• Safety and protection in streets and public areas• Play and recreation as a fundamental child right• Access to safe public spaces for all communities• Child health and well-being in urban environments• Equity and inclusion for vulnerable populations• Sustainability and climate resilienceWell-designed public spaces can support children’s physical health, mental well-being, learning, social connection and mobility, while also contributing to healthier and more resilient cities. This episode examines the growing recognition that urban design is a public health intervention, linking city planning, environmental safety and social equity to long-term health outcomes.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/21-01-2026-new-guide-promotes-safe--inclusive-and-child-friendly-public-spacesThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy discussions featured in the Georgian Medical Journal, supporting structured academic dialogue on key issues in medicine, public health and global health governance.#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine the World Health Organization message for World Leprosy Day 2026, highlighting progress in the global fight against leprosy and the continuing challenges of social stigma and discrimination.Over the past four decades, global efforts have dramatically reduced the burden of leprosy. According to WHO data, reported cases declined from more than 5 million in the mid-1980s to approximately 172,717 cases in 2024, representing a 96% reduction in global cases. These achievements reflect the success of multidrug therapy and international disease control programmes.However, the WHO message emphasizes that the challenge today extends beyond medical treatment. Although the disease is curable, individuals affected by leprosy often continue to face persistent social stigma, discrimination, and human rights violations, affecting access to education, employment, and social participation.The episode examines key themes highlighted in the WHO message:• Global progress in reducing leprosy prevalence• Continued transmission and delayed diagnosis in some regions• The persistence of stigma despite medical cure• Leprosy as a human rights issue, recognized by a United Nations resolution• The need for social inclusion and protection of affected individualsThe discussion also addresses broader structural challenges. In many regions, vulnerable populations affected by leprosy remain disproportionately impacted by poverty, inequality, and environmental factors, which complicate efforts to eliminate the disease entirely.This episode provides a structured analysis of how the global health community can move from disease control toward full social inclusion, ensuring that individuals affected by leprosy receive not only treatment but also dignity, protection, and equal opportunities.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/16-01-2026-message-for-world-leprosy-day-2026The GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy developments discussed in the Georgian Medical Journal, supporting structured academic discussion of key issues in medicine and public health.#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine the World Health Organization’s updated manuals for strengthening foodborne disease surveillance and response systems worldwide.The episode reviews the WHO policy update “Updated WHO manuals released to help countries strengthen foodborne disease surveillance and response,” which introduces a three-stage framework designed to help countries detect, monitor, and prevent foodborne disease outbreaks across the entire food supply chain.Foodborne illnesses remain a major global public health challenge, affecting hundreds of millions of people each year and placing significant pressure on national health systems. The updated WHO guidance emphasizes the importance of early detection, reliable surveillance networks, and integrated data systems linking public health, laboratory, environmental, and animal health sectors.The discussion explains the three-stage WHO roadmap for strengthening food safety surveillance systems:• Stage 1 – Foundational Detection: establishing core indicator-based and event-based surveillance to identify local outbreaks• Stage 2 – System Strengthening: improving reliability and coordination of national surveillance networks• Stage 3 – Integrated Surveillance: connecting laboratory, public health, animal health, and environmental data for comprehensive monitoring across the food chainThe episode also highlights key system-level implications including:• Multisectoral collaboration between health, agriculture, and environmental sectors• The growing influence of climate and environmental change on foodborne disease risks• The role of data-driven decision making in preventing large-scale public health crises• The importance of modern tools such as genomic surveillance and digital reporting systemsThis analytical review is intended for clinicians, epidemiologists, food safety specialists, researchers, and public health policymakers interested in strengthening global disease surveillance systems and improving national capacity to detect and respond to foodborne disease outbreaks.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/14-01-2026-updated-who-manuals-released-to-help-countries-strengthen-foodborne-disease-surveillance-and-responseThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and global health policy developments discussed within the Georgian Medical Journal, supporting structured academic discussion and dissemination of evidence-based public health knowledge.#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

In this episode of the GMJ Podcast — the official podcast of the Georgian Medical Journal, we examine the World Health Organization’s global recommendations on health taxation targeting sugary drinks and alcohol and their role in preventing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).The episode reviews the WHO analysis titled “Cheaper drinks will see a rise in noncommunicable diseases and injuries,” which highlights how declining real prices of sugar-sweetened beverages and alcohol contribute to increasing rates of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and alcohol-related injuries worldwide.The discussion explains the WHO global policy initiative “3 by 35,” which proposes stronger taxation on tobacco, alcohol, and sugary beverages by 2035 as a major public health strategy to reduce preventable deaths and generate sustainable revenue for national health systems.Key topics discussed in this episode include:• Why sugary drinks and alcohol contribute to the global NCD epidemic• How health taxes influence consumption and public health outcomes• The economic and epidemiological evidence supporting excise taxation• Policy implications for governments and public health institutions• The potential role of taxation in financing stronger health systemsThis analytical review is designed for clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals interested in global health policy, prevention of noncommunicable diseases, and evidence-based fiscal interventions.Original WHO source discussed in this episode:https://www.who.int/news/item/13-01-2026-cheaper-drinks-will-see-a-rise-in-noncommunicable-diseases-and-injuriesThe GMJ Podcast accompanies peer-reviewed publications and policy analyses discussed in the Georgian Medical Journal, supporting academic dissemination and structured discussion of current global health challenges.#გიორგიფხაკაძე #drpkhakadze #sheniekimi

The World Health Organization (WHO) has released updated recommendations for the 2026–2027 Northern Hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccine composition.In this GMJ Briefing, we summarize:• Inclusion of A(H3N2) J.2.4.1 “Subclade K”• Adjustment to the influenza B component• Updated zoonotic preparedness measures, including a new Candidate Vaccine Virus (CVV) for A(H9N2)• Implications for national immunization programmes and health system preparednessInfluenza causes approximately 1 billion infections annually worldwide, with up to 650,000 respiratory deaths. WHO updates vaccine composition twice annually to ensure optimal protection against evolving strains.This episode provides a concise, evidence-based overview for clinicians, policymakers, and public health professionals.Official WHO source: https://www.who.int—The Georgian Medical Journal (GMJ) Podcast provides structured analysis of major global health developments relevant to clinical practice, research, and health policy.