Learning Mussar Every Day

The Mishna Berura cites the Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806) as instructing that one should include works of Mussar as part of his daily Torah learning schedule. The term "Mussar" refers to materials aimed at enhancing one's Yir'at Shamayim (fear of G-d) and inspiring and helping a person to grow in his ethical conduct and his religious commitment. Every person has a Yeser Ha'ra (evil inclination) and faces spiritual challenges each day. This is true of all people, regardless of their level of religious commitment. In fact, the more a person grows spiritually, the more the Yeser Ha'ra tries to lead him to sin. Therefore, a person must counter these efforts by studying works of Mussar that remind him of his religious obligations and of how Hashem watches him at all times and holds him to account for everything he does. For this reason, most yeshivot include an official Seder (session) for the learning of Mussar as part of the daily schedule. In some yeshivot, this Seder takes place toward the end of the day. In Yeshivat Porat Yosef, however, Mussar is learned in the morning, before the students begin their regular studies. This seems more reasonable, as the students thereby gain inspiration right at the beginning of the day, setting the tone for the day's learning. Rav Yisrael Salanter (1809-1883) taught that when learning Mussar, one should say the words with his mouth, rather than read silently, as the words have a stronger impact when they are verbalized.