All Episodes
Nebraska FARMcast - Farm and Ranch Management — 297 episodes
Beef Industry Policy Current Issues Discussed at Cattle Industry Convention with Brad Lubben
Land Link #1 - Values and Mission Statements
Understanding Custom Rates and Market Factors with Glennis McClure
Keeping Stress in Check with Glennis McClure
CRP Enrollment and the Farm Bill with Brad Lubben
Understanding SCO and ECO Crop Insurance Options Before the March 15 Deadline with Cory Walters and Jessica Groskopf
Strengthening Rural Grocery Stores: A Learning Cohort with Deborah Solie and Charlotte Narjes
Farm Bill History and Why It's Stuck with Brad Lubben
Beyond the Auction: The Social Value of Nebraska's Livestock Sale Barns with Marilyn Schlake and Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Farmer Bridge Assistance: What's It Mean? With Brad Lubben
What's Ahead for Buy Fresh Buy Local Nebraska in 2026 with Michelle Garwood and Skylar Falter
Base Acres Explained: How They Compare to Planting on Nebraska Farms with Jessica Groskopf, Cory Walters, and Anastasia Meyer
Policy Gains but Uncertainty Looms in 2026 for Ag Producers With Brad Lubben
Nebraska Farm Income Outlook: A Tale of Two Sectors with Brad Lubben
A Tradition of Trust: Nebraska Farmer and Nebraska Extension with Curt Arens and Brad Lubben
Bigger Farms, Bigger Challenges: The Costs of Growing with Tim Meyer
Veterinary Drug Residue Regulations in Major U.S. Export Markets with Elliott Dennis and Akinbode Okunola
Smart Spending in a Record Cattle Market with Brock Ortner and Glennis McClure
The Big Beautiful Bill Act: Impacts on Ag with Brad Lubben
2025 Nebraska Grocery Industry Summit to Support Rural Grocers with Ansley Fellers and Charlotte Narjes
Farm Succession Without a Next Generations with Jessica Groskopf
Home Care Worker Cooperatives in Rural Nebraska - Arapahoe, Nebraska, Leads the Way
Navigating Farm Succession Without a Family Heir with Jessica Groskopf
Nebraska Custom Rates for Livestock Services with Glennis McClure
UNL Beef Scholars Program Addresses Most Important Issues to Producers with Brad Lubben and Elliott Dennis
The Steer-Heifer Price Difference and Herd Expansion with TaraLee Hudson and Elliott Dennis
Leveraging Prices Slides in Cattle Markets with TaraLee Hudson and Elliott Dennis
Micro-Captive Insurance: Strategically Insuring Your Farm with Cory Walters
Issues, Concerns, and Policy Directions: the Nebraska Rural Poll with Brad Lubben
Balancing Old Wisdom with New Ideas on the Farm with Anastasia Meyer
The Cost of Bulls and Maximizing Your Herds Profitability with Randy Saner
2025 The Year of Cooperatives — Building a Better Nebraska and Beyond with Cindy Houlden
Will DOGE Impact Farmers and Ranchers? With Brad Lubben
Custom Rates for 2025 Field Operations with Glennis McClure
Nebraska Land Values and Cash Rents - 2024 USDA Estimates with Jim Jansen
Reconciling the Paradox of Positive Profit and Negative Cash Flow with Tim Meyer
Who Needs to Fill Out a 1099? With Shannon Sand
What is Section 180? Who Qualifies and What Does it Mean? With Shannon Sand (Replay)
Verbal Leases: What Happens if Someone Dies? With Jessica Groskopf
Framing Strategic Risk and a Look at the Calf Retention Decision with Jay Parsons
Is the Stage Set for Monumental Change in Ag Policy? With Brad Lubben
Are You Ready for a Different Workplace Environment With Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Sizing Up the Farm Bill Safety Net with Brad Lubben
Communicating Estate Plans With Unequal Divisions of Assets with Anastasia Meyer
Nebraska Grocery Industry Summit Preview with Ansley Fellers and Charlotte Narjes
Determining a Fair Rent for Farm Buildings with Glennis McClure
Ag Policy and the 2024 Election with Brad Lubben
Managing Risk in Risky Times with Brad Lubben
Using Decision Trees in Ag Decision-Making with Jay Parsons
Estate Planning: Stepped-Up Tax Basis with Anastasia Meyer
Cover Crop Utilization and Leasing Implications with Jim Jansen
What Does the Chevron Doctrine Ruling Mean for Ag? With Brad Lubben
Gifting Ownership: Estate and Transition Planning Ideas with Jessica Groskopf
2024 Nebraska Custom Rates: What to Charge? With Glennis McClure
What Do Ongoing High Interest Rates Mean for Ag Producers With Jay Parsons
Farm Bill Just Making It Across Starting Line with Brad Lubben
Value of Cover Crops for Livestock Operations with Jay Parsons
Feedlot Labor Report: What Does It Reveal About Costs and Management Practices? With Elliott Dennis
Aging in Place in Rural Nebraska: Homecare Worker Cooperatives with Cindy Houlden
The Basics of Loans for Farmers and Ranchers with Jessica Groskopf
How Policy Can Drive Market for Biofuels with Brad Lubben
Gift Leasebacks in Estate and Transition Planning with Jessica Groskopf
Net Farm Income Impacts Net Worth Growth with Glennis McClure
To Retain or Not to Retain: A Heifer Dilemma with TL Meyer
Buy Fresh Buy Local 2024 Membership with Charlotte Narjes
Paying Family Members on the Farm or Ranch with Jessica Groskopf
Foreign land ownership bills introduced in 2024 Nebraska Legislature with Dave Aiken
Cooperative Business Development Mini-Grant Applications Open with Cindy Houlden
Strategic Planning for Farmers and Ranchers with Larry Van Tassell
Figuring Field Operation Costs Using the Agricultural Budget Calculator Program with Glennis McClure
New Farm Bill Remains Difficult Goal in 2024 with Brad Lubben
Ag Producers and the Wellbeing of Nearby Communities with Marilyn Schlake
Farm Bill Extended, but Commodity Program Decisions Remain for Producers with Brad Lubben
What Happens to Your Farm or Ranch if You Become Disabled? With Jessica Groskopf
The Economics of Deficit Irrigation Utilizing Soil Moisture Probes in the Western Corn Belt with Lia Nogueira
What Did Higher Profit Cow-Calf Producers Do To Make Them More Profitable with Randy Saner
What is IRS Section 180? With Shannon Sand
Diesel Tractor Fuel Efficiency and Exhaust Emissions Standards with Cory Walters
Foreign-Owned Ag Land in Nebraska with Larry Van Tassell
Nebraska Entrepreneurship Summit with Molly Brandt
Do Only Americans Own America? Foreign Investment in Agricultural Lands in the United States with Larry Van Tassell
Involving New People in Community Events with Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Celebrating Cooperatives National Cooperative Month 2023 with Charlotte Narjes
USDA Land Values and County-Level Cash Rent Estimates with Jim Jansen
The Impact of Nebraska Cooperatives with Cindy Houlden
Nebraska Extension Forges International Ties at Community Development Conference
Are You a Farmer or Rancher Over 18? It’s Time for an Estate Plan with Jessica Groskopf
When Will the Farm Bill Come? With Brad Lubben
High Culling Continues to Impact Beef Market with Elliott Dennis
Marketing Calves with Blemishes with Randy Saner
Ag Lenders Offer Insights on Current Conditions for Nebraska Livestock Producers with Jay Parsons
Tax Accounting vs. Managerial Accounting with Shannon Sand
Harvest Operations - Own it or Hire it With Glennis McClure
Technology use growing on Nebraska farms and ranches with Larry Van Tassell
Terminating a Verbal Farmland Lease in Nebraska by September 1st with Jessica Groskopf
Nebraska approves pass-through entity tax bill with Tina Barrett
Managing Market Volatility in 2023 with Jay Parsons
New UNL Tool Allows Users to Easily Calculate Loan Payments with Jessica Groskopf
Better Decisions with Breakeven Analysis with Larry Van Tassell
Nebraska Extension educators bring entrepreneurship education to Georgia and Armenia with Molly Brandt and Marilyn Schlake
The Changing Costs of Cattle Transportation with Elliott Dennis
Managing Calf Market Risk with LRP in 2023 with Jay Parsons
Higher Cattle Prices Are Good but Wide Profit Margins Are Better with Elliott Dennis
Rural Volunteerism in Nebraska with Becky Vogt
Addressing Elder Care Shortages Through Homecare Worker Cooperatives with Cindy Houlden
The Value of Strategic Planning for Farmers and Ranchers with Jay Parsons
2023 Nebraska Ag Law Legislative Update with Dave Aiken
Caution Needed When Purchasing Supplemental Coverage Option and Enhanced Coverage Option with Cory Walters
Early Herd Rebuilding Could Happen Through the Bred Cow Market with Elliott Dennis
Recognizing Power and Control in Estate Planning with Allan Vyhnalek
Nebraska Agriculture a Leader in the Region and the Country with Brad Lubben and Tatum Brunkow
Rural Poll Gauges Sentiment About Community Leadership in Rural Nebraska with Becky Vogt
Mini Grants for Nebraska Cooperatives with Cindy Houlden
Meeting Minutes Requirements for Farm and Ranch Businesses with Jessica Groskopf and Dave Aiken
Hedging Your Average Crop Price Using Seasonals with Cory Walters
USDA Reports Higher Land Values and Cash Rents Across Nebraska in 2022 with Jim Jansen
Better News on World Fertilizer Markets with John Beghin and Lia Nogueira
Historical Corn Price Evolution Implications for Pre-harvest Hedging with Cory Walters
It is That Time of Year — Small Business Saturday with Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Value of Gain on Winter Backgrounded Cattle with Elliott Dennis
Rural Nebraskans' Perception of the Economy and Employment with Becky Vogt
Co-op Innovation in the Food System Webinar Series with Margaret Milligan
Distillers-to-Corn Price Ratio with Elliott Dennis
Management Decisions Made Easier Using the Ag Budget Calculator Program with Larry Van Tassell
Adjusting Rental Payments Based On Center Pivot Ownership with Jessica Groskopf
2022 Heifer Price Discounts with Elliott Dennis
Being Rural in Nebraska Both a Blessing and a Curse with Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Flexible Stocking Rate Options for Drought Management with Ryan Benjamin
Tax Options Amid Drought Conditions with Tina Barrett
Nebraska Crop Insurance Workshop with Cory Walters
Get Perspective Before Big Decisions with Allan Vyhnalek
Tensions Surrounding U.S. Beef Exports to China with Elliott Dennis
Adding Another Family Member to the Farm Payroll with Larry Van Tassell
Terminating Verbal Farmland Leases with Jessica Groskopf
Five Key Principles of a Good Risk Management Culture with Jay Parsons
Beef Slaughter and Price Relationship Amid 2022 Economic Conditions with Elliott Dennis
Cropland Values in the Central U.S. Show Strength in 2022 with Jim Jansen
Changes in Trust in Rural Media in Rural Nebraska with Becky Vogt
Protecting Liquidity with Tax Planning with Tina Barrett
Managing Drought-stressed Pastures and Cow Nutrition with Karla Wilke
Without Trust, How Does a Family Function? with Allan Vyhnalek
Rebuilding Fences After Disaster with Jessica Groskopf
Cooperative Directors: Asking Necessary Questions with Cindy Houlden
Annual Forage Insurance Offers Risk Protection Amid Dry Conditions with Jay Parsons
Feeder Cattle Interest Rates, Grazing Land Values Pose Hurdles for Producers with Elliott Dennis
Welcoming Communities: It’s the Little Things That Matter with Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Are Farmers Paid Fairly for Hard Red Winter Wheat? With Cory Walters
Confidence in Local Institutions Among Rural Nebraskans with Becky Vogt
Tracking Your Cost of Production Amid Rising Input Prices with Glennis McClure
Roth IRAs for Children Earning a Wage on the Farm with Jessica Groskopf
Feed Availability, Cost of Gain and Manure as a Revenue Source for Feedlots
Strong Prices Along the Pork Complex with Elliott Dennis
Creating and Updating Succession and Estate Plans with Allan Vyhnalek
Cattle Placement Weight Trends and Feed Costs with Elliott Dennis
Choosing the Right Price Risk Management Tool for Livestock with Elliott Dennis
2022 Nebraska Farmland Values Hit Historic Highs with Jim Jansen
Nebraska Inheritance Tax Update with Dave Aiken
Why Aren’t Employees Coming Back to Their Jobs? With Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
2022 Crop Insurance Corn and Soybean Projected Prices and Decision Making with Cory Walters
The Impact of COVID-19 on Cash Receipts for Nebraska Livestock and Poultry Producers with Elliott Dennis
Understanding Risk Preference to Make Better Decisions with Jay Parsons
New Bill Would Change Nebraska Drainage Law with Dave Aiken
Fertilizer Costs: What is Driving the Increase and How Can Growers Manage It? With John Westra
Homecare Worker Cooperative Academy Launching in Nebraska with Cindy Houlden
Profitability vs Feasibility and the Paradox of Purchasing Farmland with Larry Van Tassell
Changes in Consumer Habits During and After Pandemic with Becky Vogt
Family Goals and Difficult Times with Allan Vyhnalek
Farm Consolidation and Crop Insurance Premium Subsidies with Cory Walters
Growing Local Food Together with Margaret Milligan, Buy Fresh Buy Local
Nebraska Farm Income and Farm Policy Directions with Brad Lubben
Nonirrigated Cropland Values Reflect Strength of Commodity Markets in 2021 with Jim Jansen
The Impact of Price and Management on Culling Decisions (Webinar Recap) with Elliott Dennis and Karla Wilke
The Glasgow Climate Conference: What Does it Mean for Nebraska Ag? with Dave Aiken
Exploring the Cooperative Advantage with Cindy Houlden
The Third Quarterly Report on Levels of Negotiated Trade by Region Under the Industry’s 75% Rule with Elliott Dennis
A Perfect Storm in Fertilizer Markets with John Beghin and Lia Nogueira
Pasture, Rangeland, Forage Insurance Applications due December 1 for 2022 Coverage with Jay Parsons
The Benefits of Prairie Strips with John Westra
Pandemic Response and Safety Grant Program with Margaret Milligan
Cost and Value of Gain for Retained Feeder Cattle in Nebraska with Elliott Dennis
Climate Change and Future Nebraska Water Challenges with Dave Aiken
Reaching Out to Include 'Invisible' Community Members with Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Developing a Meat Processing Plant: Financial and Legal Issues (Webinar Recap)
Increasing Fertilizer Prices and Profitability with Matt Stockton
Grazing Corn Residue Can Be an Economical Winter Feed Source for Cows with Randy Saner
2022 Cost of Production Increases, Expected Profit and Navigating a Riskier Financial Environment with Cory Walters and Glennis McClure
New Programs for Beginning and Retiring Farmers with Allan Vyhnalek
Financial Impacts of the Pandemic in Rural Nebraska with Becky Vogt
Heavier Feeder Cattle Placements Amid Meat Processing Plant Issues with Elliott Dennis
Nebraska Clean Energy Policies with Dave Aiken
Engaging Community Members in Use of Pandemic Relief Funds with Marilyn Schlake
Economic Considerations for Converting Cropland to Perennial Grazing Lands with Daren Redfearn
USDA Reports Rising Land Values, Cash Rents for Nebraska in 2021 with Jim Jansen
Potential Impacts of Brazilian BSE on the U.S. Meat Complex with Elliott Dennis
Benchmarking – What Can We Learn from Other Farm Businesses with Glennis McClure
Comparing the Grand Island and Holcomb Meat Processing Plant Fires with Elliott Dennis
Crop Residue Exchange Links Cattle Producers, Grazing Resources with Jay Parsons
'Go Slow to Go Fast' — Involving More People in Community Planning with Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Legal Considerations for New Cooperatives with Cindy Houlden
The Impact of Court Ruling on WOTUS Rule with Dave Aiken
Keeping Accurate Digital Records with Jessica Groskopf
Rural Farmers Markets and Community Vitality with Margaret Milligan
Federal Estate and Transfer Tax Law Proposals with Tina Barrett
The Financial Resiliency of Rural Nebraskans with Becky Vogt
Additionality and Voluntary Environmental Credit Markets with Larry Van Tassell and Dave Aiken
Cropping Practices for Carbon Sequestration in Nebraska with Larry Van Tassell
What Could the Growing Climate Solutions Act Mean for Ag Carbon Markets? with Dave Aiken
What are Video Auctions and CME Futures Telling Us about Fall Feeder Cattle Prices? with Elliott Dennis
Real Estate Investment Cooperatives with Charlotte Narjes
The Livestock Industry's 75% Rule: Second Quarterly Report on Levels of Negotiated Trade with Elliott Dennis
A Conversation on Conservation Programs with Brad Lubben
Farm and Ranch Business Meetings with Jessica Groskopf
Making the Most of 2021: Midyear Goal Resetting with Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Keys to Successful Farm Transition Planning with Allan Vyhnalek
Successful Grain Marketing Focuses on Establishing a Financially Successful Farm Price with Jessica Groskopf and Cory Walters
Long-term Profitability and Balance in Growing the Farm or Ranch Business with Matt Stockton
Is Your Community Ready for Strategic Planning? With Marilyn Schlake
Crop Insurance, Intra-season Hedging and Net Income Risk with Kara Zimmerman
Cooperative Directors - Asking Necessary Questions to Manage with Cindy Houlden
Ag Carbon Contracts with Dave Aiken
Calculating Field Operation Costs and Setting Harvest Rates with Glennis McClure
Webinar Recap: The Economic Impact of Dairy Processing Expansion in Nebraska
Managing Risk Through Annual Forages with Jay Parsons
The Economic Importance of Animal Agriculture and Perceptions of the Livestock Friendly County Designation with Becky Vogt
Ecosystem Goods and Services and Environmental Markets with John Westra
Nonirrigated Cropland Values in Central Plains States Show Strength with Jim Jansen
Webinar Recap: The Growing Role of Exports in Livestock Markets with Erin Borror and Elliott Dennis
Biden's 30x30 Plan: Conserving and Restoring American the Beautiful Report with Dave Aiken
Cattle Markets React to USDA Reports: Implications for Risk Management with Elliott Dennis
The functions and benefits of a co-op with Cindy Houlden
Selling During Times of Rising Commodity Prices with Cory Walters and Jessica Groskopf
Recruiting New Residents in Rural Communities: the Power of Family, Friends and Images with Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
The Power of Family, Friends and Images in Attracting New Residents to Rural Communities with Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Have You Reconciled Your Bank Statements Recently? With Jessica Groskopf
Preparing for Decision-making: What Should Farmers and Ranchers Be Paying Attention to Now?
Farm Income and Safety Net Updates with Brad Lubben
Forage Production, Beef Cows, and Stocking Density and Their Implications for Partial Herd Liquidation Due to Drought with Elliott Dennis
Problem-solving Courts as Alternatives to Incarceration with Dave Aiken
Agricultural Assistance Through PAP, ARP, and CFAP: What Are These and Why Should Farmers, Ranchers Care? (May 6, 2021 Webinar)
The Role of Premium Subsidies in Crop Insurance with Charalampos Mavroutsikos
Restaurant Revitalization Fund with Jason Tuller and Marilyn Schlake
Navigating Disagreements on the Farm with Allan Vyhnalek
Understanding NASS Cattle Reports - Webinar Recap with Nick Streff and Elliott Dennis
Community Resilience and Well-being with Becky Vogt
Proactive, Quality Decision-making with Jay Parsons
The Economic Viability of Winter Wheat (April 22, 2021 Webinar)
Rising Fuel, Input Prices and Tracking Cost of Production with Glennis McClure
Rural Economic and Community Vitality Graduate Certificate with Daniela Mattos
Seven Areas of Waste in Farm Operations with Austin Duerfeldt
Enterprise Budget Templates Updated for Sheep and Goat Enterprises with Glennis McClure and Randy Saner
Landowner Characteristics in Nebraska and the U.S. with Jim Jansen
Rural Communities Have Unique Post-COVID Opportunities with Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel
Carbon Markets: Management Questions to Get You Started with John Westra
Panel Discussion - Proposed Changes to Capital Gains (April 8, 2021 Webinar)
The Value of Farm Business Policies for Employees with Larry Van Tassell
Ag Carbon Offsets and the Carbon Bank with Dave Aiken
The Value of the USDA-NASS Quarterly Hogs and Pigs Report to Producers with Elliott Dennis
The Original Meal Delivery Service: Spring Is CSA Signup Time with Margaret Milligan
Understanding NASS Hog Reports - Webinar Recap - March 25, 2021
Cash Flow Versus Profitability with Tina Barrett
How Does Refinancing Affect Your Balance Sheet? With Jessica Groskopf
Building Talents to Build Better Businesses and Communities with Marilyn Schlake
2021 Nebraska Farm Real Estate Survey - Preliminary Results Overview (March 18, 2021 Webinar)
2021 Crop Insurance Prices with Cory Walters
Crop Insurance 2021 — The Role of the New Enhanced Coverage Option with Cory Walters
Mini Grants for Cooperative Business Development with Cindy Houlden, Nebraska Cooperative Development Center
Nebraska Sales Tax and Exemptions for Agriculture (March 11, 2021 Webinar)
The Biden Climate Plan and Power Blackouts with Dave Aiken - March 10, 2021
Live Cattle Delivery in Nebraska and Its Impact on Basis with Elliott Dennis - March 8, 2021
Nebraska Rural Poll 2021 with Becky Vogt
Making Farm Program and Crop Insurance Decisions for 2021 (March 1, 2021 Webinar)
Succession and Estate Planning for Farm and Ranch - Part 1 with Allan Vyhnalek (Feb. 25, 2021 Webinar)
It Costs How Much? Understanding Costs of Production (Feb. 11, 2021 Webinar)
Manage Captions for: Are Livestock Producers Willing to Pay for Traceability Programs? (Feb. 4, 2021 Webinar Recap)
Webinar Recap: Adding Value to Livestock Through Approved Certification Programs (Jan. 28, 2021)
The Role of the Odor Footprint Tool in Livestock Nuisance Litigation
Preparing for Loan Renewal (Jan. 14, 2021 webinar)
Farm Program and Ag Policy Update (Dec. 17, 2020 Webinar)
Farm Tax Law Changes for 2020 with Tina Barrett, Nebraska Farm Business, Inc. (Dec. 10, 2020 Webinar)
Evaluating Risk Management Alternatives via RightRisk Analytics (Nov. 20, 2020 Webinar)
Livestock Risk Management and LRP Updates (With USDA and the national Extension Risk Management Education Program) (Nov. 12, 2020 webinar)
Farm Credit in 2020: A Lending Institution Perspective (Nov. 5, 2020 Webinar)
2020 Ballot Measures with Dave Aiken, UNL Agricultural Economics (Oct. 29, 2020 Webinar)
The Financial State of Ag for Nebraska Producers (Oct. 22, 2020 Webinar)
Farm Income and Farm Program Payments Update with Brad Lubben (Oct. 15, 2020 - Webinar Special)
2020 Nebraska Property Tax Changes with Dave Aiken - Oct. 8, 2020 (Webinar Special)
The Economic Impact of Nebraska Agriculture with Brad Lubben, Jeffrey Stokes and Eric Thompson, University of Nebraska-Lincoln - Oct. 1, 2020 (Webinar Special)
Trouble in the Cattle Markets with Jay Rempe, Nebraska Farm Bureau - Sept. 24, 2020 (Webinar Special)
Farmland Trends and Lease Considerations for 2021 - Sept. 10, 2020 (Webinar Special)
Cattle Ownership Retention Decisions: Is the Market Willing to Pay? With Elliott Dennis - Sept. 3, 2020 (Webinar Special)
Successful Ag Succession: Communication and Negotiation, with Allan Vyhnalek - Aug. 27, 2020 (Webinar Special)
Business and Health Care Powers of Attorney, with Allan Vyhnalek and Dave Aiken - Aug. 20, 2020 (Webinar Special)
Marketing Corn and Soybeans After the August WASDE Report, with Jessica Groskopf, Robert Tigner and Cory Walters - Aug 13 Webinar Special
2020 Nebraska Farm Real Estate Report Overview, with Jim Jansen - July 16 Webinar Special
Farm Survival Grain Marketing Strategies, with Robert Tigner, Cory Walters and Jessica Groskopf - June 11 Webinar Special
Ethanol: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, with Rick Berry - May 28 Webinar Special
Why Don't We Have an Estate Plan?