PODCAST · education
Paramedic Drug Cards
by Michael Egan
Readings of weekly drug cards based on the NREMT curriculum.
Episodes
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Ketorolac
Trade: Toradol Class: NSAID MOA: inhibits the production or prostaglandins in inflamed tissue, which decreases the responsiveness of pain receptors. Indications: Moderately severe acute pain Contraindications: Patients with a hx of peptic ulcer disease or GI bleed, patients with renal...
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Morphine
Trade: Morphine Class: Opiate agonist/Narcotic Analgesic MOA: Binds to the opiate receptors. Reduces stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system caused by pain and anxiety. Reduction of sympathetic stimulation reduces heart rate, cardiac work, and myocardial O2 consumption Indications: moderate...
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Fentanyl
Trade: Sublimaze Class: Narcotic Analgesic MOA: Binds to opiate receptors producing analgesia and euphoria Indication: Pain Contraindication: Use caution in traumatic brain injury, Respiratory depression Side effects: Respiratory depression, apnea, hypotension, N/V, dizziness, sedation euphoria,...
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Diazepam
Trade: Valium Class: Benzodiazepine MOA: Binds to the benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of GABA Indications: Anxiety, Skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant Contraindications: Children younger then 6 months, acute angle glaucoma, CNS depression, alcohol intoxication. Side...
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Carbamazepine
Trade: Tegretol Class: Anticonvulsant MOA: Binds preferably to voltage gated Sodium channels in their inactive conformation, which prevents repetitive and sustained firing of an action potential. Indications: Partial and generalized tonic – clonic seizures Contraindications: AV Block, bundle…
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PHYSICAL DRUG CARDS AVAILABLE
First and foremost, THANK YOU to everyone who was listened to this Podcast over the past year. In just under 12 months we have risen to one of the top listened to and searched paramedic pod casts on spotify and apple podcasts. Again, thank you so much! If you love listening to my voice read these...
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Nicardipine
Trade – Cardene Class – Calcium Channel blocker MOA – Blocks calcium movement into the smooth muscle of the blood vessel walls, causing vasodilation. Indication – Angina, HTN Contraindication – Aortic stenosis, hypotension, use caution in heart failure, cardiac conduction abnormalities,...
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Hydroxocobalamin
Trade – Cyanokit MOA: Antidote, cyanide poisoning adjunct Binds with cyanide to form nontoxic cyanocobalamin, preventing its toxic effects; excreted renally Indications: Treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisioning. Contraindications: None is the emergency setting Side Effects…
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Verapamil
Trade – Isoptin Class – Calcium Channel blocker MOA – Blocks calcium from moving into the heart muscle cell, which prolongs conduction of the electrical impulses through the AV node. Indications – AF, HTN, paroxysmal SVT, Paroxysmal SVT prohylaxis Contraindications – 2nd or 3rd degree AV block,...
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Clopidogrel
Trade – Plavix Class – Antiplatelet MOA – Blocks platelet aggregation by antagonizing the IIb/IIIa receptors Indications – ACS, chronic coronary and vascular disease, ischemic stroke. Contraindications – Hx of intracranial hemorrhage, GI bleed or trauma. Side effects – Nausea, Abdominal pain,...
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Promethazine
Trade – Phenergan Class – Antiemetic MOA - Decreases nausea and vomiting by antagonizing H1 receptors Indications – Nausea/Vomiting Contraindication – Altered level of consciousness, jaundice, bone marrow suppression, Use caution in seizure disorder. Side effects – Paradoxic excitation in…
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Hydrocortisone
Trade – Cortef Class – Corticosteroid MOA – Reduces inflammation by multiple mechanisms. As a steroid it replaces the steroids that are lacking in adrenal insufficiency. Indications – Adrenal insufficiency, allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, asthma, COPD Contraindications – Cushing Syndrome, known...
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Sodium Nitroprusside
Trade – Nipride Class – Antihypertensive agent MOA – Causes direct relaxation of both arteries and veins Indication – HTN emergencies Contraindications – Hypotension, increased ICP, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, hepatic disease, renal disease, pulmonary disease. Side effects –...
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Hydrazaline
Trade – Apresoline Class – Vasodilator MOA – Directly dilates peripheral blood vessels Indication – HTN associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia, HTN crisis Contraindication – Patients taking diazoxide or MAOI’s, coronary artery disease, stroke, angina, dissecting aortic aneurism, mitral valve...
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Haloperidol
Trade – Haldol Class – Antipsychotic agent MOA – Selectively blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors Indications – Psychotic disorders, agitation Contraindications – Depressed mental status, Parkinson disease Side effects – extrapyramidal symptoms, drowsiness, tardive dyskinesia, hypotension,...
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Tetracaine
Trade: TetraVisc Class: Anesthetic MOA: Short acting pain suppressant Indication: Topical anesthetic for eye injuries Contraindication: allergy Side Effects: numbness, blurred vision in treated eye, mild short burning sensation Dose: Adult: 1-2 drops every 5 minutes, repeat as needed Pediatric1-2...
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Propofol
Trade – Diprivan Class – Anesthetic MOA – Produces rapid and brief state of general anesthesia. Indication – Anesthesia induction Contraindication – Hypovolemia Side effects – Apnea, Cardiac arrhythmias, asystole, hypotension, hypertension. Dosing Initial induction: 1.5-3mg/kg IV/IO followed by a...
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Phenytoin
Trade – Dilantin Class – Anticonvulsant MOA – Depresses seizures by affecting the movement of sodium and calcium into neural tissue. Indication – Generalized tonic – clonic seizures. Contraindication – sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, second and third degree heart block, adam stokes syndrome,...
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Fibrinolytic
Trade – ALTEPLASE RECOMBINANT-TPA Class– Thrombolytic Agent MOA – Dissolves thrombi plugs in the coronary arteries and reestablishes blood flow. Indication – ST segment elevation greater then 1mm in 2 or more contiguous leads, New or presumed new left bundle branch block. Contraindications – ST...
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Heparin
Trade – Unfractionated Heparin Class – Anticoagulant MOA – Acts on antithrombin III to reduce the ability of the blood to form clots, thus preventing clot deposition in the coronary arteries. Indication – ACS, acute pulmonary embolism, DVT Contraindication – Predisposed to bleeding, aortic...
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Propranolol
Trade: Inderal Class: Beta Blocker MOA: Nonselective Beta antagonist that binds with both the beta1 and beta 2 receptors. Inhibits the strength of the hearts contractions, as well as decreases heart rate resulting in decreased cardiac O2 consumption Indication: Angina, reentry SVT, Atrial...
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Labetalol
Trade: Normodyne Class: Beta blocker MOA: Binds with beta1, beta2 and Alpha1 receptors. Inhibits the strength of the hearts contractions, as well as heart rate. This results in decrease in cardiac Oxygen consumption. Indication: ACS, SVT, severe HTN Contraindications: Hypotension, Cardiogenic...
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Warfarin, glipizide, clopidogrel
Warfarin Trade: Coumadin Use: Anticoagulant Glipizide Trade: Glucotrol Use: Diabetes Clopidogrel bisulfate Trade: Plavix Use: Platelet inhibitor
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Oxytocin
Trade: Pitocin Class: Hormone MOA: Increases Uterine Contractions Indications: Postpartum hemorrhage after infant and placental delivery Contraindications: Presence of a second fetus, unfavorable fetal position. Side effects: Hypotension, Hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, angina, seizures,...
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Atenolol
Trade: Tenormin Class: Beta Blocker MOA: Inhibits the strength of the hearts contractions and heart rate, resulting in a decrease in cardiac oxygen consumption. Also saturates the beta receptors and inhibits dilation of bronchial smooth muscle. Indications: ACS, HTN, SVT, A-flutter, A-Fib...
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Norepinephrine
Trade: Levophed Class: Adrenergic agonist, inotropic, vasopressor MOA: alpha 1, alpha 2, Beta 1 agonist. Primarily results in peripheral vasoconstriction resulting in increasing BP, and coronary blood flow. Beta adrenergic action produces inotropic stimulation of the heart and dilates coronary...
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Dobutamine
Trade: Dobutrex Class: Adrenergic agent, Inotropic MOA: Increases myocardial contractility and stroke volume with minor chronotropic effects, resulting in increased cardiac output Indication: CHF, Cardiogenic shock Contraindications: Drug induced shock, Systolic pressure greater then 100, use...
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Dopamine
Trade: Intropin Class: Vasopressor /Sympathomimetic MOA: Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors resulting in inotropy and increased cardiac output while maintaining dopaminergic induced vasodilatory effects. Indications: Hypotension and decreased cardiac output associated with cardiogenic...
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Milrinone
Trade: Primacor Class: Inotropic / Vasodilator MOA: Positive inotropic drug and vasodilator with minimal chronotropic effects. Inhibits enzyme cAMP phosphodiesterase which results in an increased concentration of calcium inside the cardiac cell and results in better diastolic function and...
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Meloxicam, ibuprofen, insulin
meloxicam Trade: Mobic Use: NSAID ibuprofen Trade: Advil Use: Pain, fever, arthritis insulin glargine Trade: Lantus Use: Diabetes Mellitus
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Sodium Bicarb
Class: Electrolyte replacement /Alkalizing Agent MOA: Counteracts existing acidosis Indications: Acidosis, Drug intoxications (barbiturates, salicylates, methyl alcohol) Contraindications: Metabolic alkalosis, hypocalcemia Side effects: metabolic alkalosis, hypernatremia, injection site reaction,...
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Lidocaine
Trade- Xylocaine Class – Antiarrhythmic / NA+ blocker MOA – blocks sodium channels increasing the recovery period after repolarization. Suppresses automaticity in the His-Purkinje system and depolarization in the ventricles. Indication – Ventricular arrhythmias Contraindications - AV block,...
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Amiodarone
•Trade – Cordarone •Class – Antiarrhythmic •MOA - Acts directly on the myocardium to delay repolarization and increase the duration of action potential •Indications – Ventricular arrhythmias, second line for atrial rhythms. •Contraindications – Sick sinus syndrome, second and third degree heart...
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Calcium Chloride
Class- Antidote Description- Calcium chloride increases myocardial contractile force and increases ventricular automaticity. Indications-Hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia, and calcium channel blocker toxicity. Contraindications-Ventricular fibrillation, hypercalcemia, and possible...
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Adenosine
Trade – Adenocard Classification – Antiarrhythmic MOA– Slows the conduction of electrical impulses at the AV node Indication – SVT Contraindications – Sick sinus syndrome, second or 3rd degree heart block, Poison/drug induced tachycardia, asthma, or bronchospasm Side Effects– Sense of impending...
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Calcium Gluconate
Trade – Calcium Gluconate Class – Electrolyte solution MOA – Counteracts the toxicity of hyperkalemia by stabilizing the membrane of the cardiac cells, reducing the likelihood of fibrillation Indication – Hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia Contraindications - VF, Dig toxicity,...
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Metoprolol
Trade– Lopressor, Toprol XL Class– Beta Blocker ( Class II antiarrhythmic) MOA– Inhibits the strength of the hearts contraction as well as the heart rate Indication– ACS, HTN, SVT, atrial flutter, Afib, thyrotoxicosis Contraindications– Cardiogenic Shock, AV Block, Bradycardia Side effects –...
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Diltiazem
Trade – Cardizem Class – Calcium channel Blocker ( class IV antiarrhythmic) MOA – Blocks Calcium from moving into the heart muscle cell, which prolongs the conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node Indication – Rapid atrial fibrillation Contraindications – Hypotension, Heart block,...
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Atropine
Class – Anticholinergic MOA – Competes reversibly with ACH at the site of the muscarinic receptor. Indication – Symptomatic Bradycardia, asystole or PEA, Nerve agent exposure or organophosphate poisoning. Contraindications – Acute MI, Myasthenia Gravis, GI obstruction, closed angle glaucoma…
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Mannitol
Trade – Osmitrol Class – Osmotic Diuretic MOA – Facilitates the flow of fluid out of tissues including the brain and into interstitial fluid and blood, this causes dehydration of the brain which results in decreased swelling. Reabsorption by the kidneys is limited so increased urine output takes...
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Dexamethasone
Trade – Decadron Class – Corticosteroid MOA – Reduces inflammation by multiple mechanisms Indication – Asthma, airway edema, acute mountain sickness, cerebral edema and multiple medical conditions requiring anti-inflammatory Contraindications – Fungal infection, use caution in active infections,...
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Dextrose
Trade – Dextrose (D50, D25, D10) Class – Antihypoglycemic MOA – Increases blood glucose concentrations Indications – Hypoglycemia Contraindications – Intracranial and instraspinal hemorrhage, delirium tremens. Side effects – Hyperglycemia, warmth, burning from IV infusion. Concentrated solutions...
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Bupropion, Potassium, Carvedilol
Bupropion Trade: Wellbutrin Use: Antidepressant Potassium Trade: K-Dur Use: Hypokalemia Carvedilol Trade: Coreg Use: HTN
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Fluticasone, Alprazolam, Trazadone
Fluticasone Trade: Flonase Use: Allergies Alprazolam Trade: Xanax Use: Anxiety, Panic disorder Trazodone hydrochloride Trade: Desyrel Use: Depression
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Esmolol
Trade – Brevibloc Class– Beta Blocker MOA– Inhibits the strength of the hearts contractions, as well as heart rate. Indication – ACS, MI, acute HTN, Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias Contraindications – COPD, Acute Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Advanced Heart blocks, cardiogenic shock, Pulmonary...
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Glucagon
Trade – Glucagon Class – Hormone MOA – Converts glycogen to glucose Indication – hypoglycemia, beta blocker overdose Contraindications – Pheochromocytoma, Insulinoma Side effects – Nausea/vomiting, rebound hyperglycemia, hypotension, sinus tachycardia Dosages Hypoglycemia Adult: 1mg IM, IV, IO…
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Terbutaline
Trade – Brethine Class– Adrenergic agent MOA – Stimulates B2 receptor producing relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and bronchodilation. Indication – prevention and reversal of bronchospasm Contraindications – known sensitivity to sympathomimetics Side Effects – Cardiac arrhythmias, arrhythmia...
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Ondansetron
Trade – Zofran Class – Antiemetic MOA – Binds and blocks a receptor for the brain chemical serotonin Indication – Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting Contraindication – Use caution in hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, cardiac arrhythmias Side Effects – headache, fatigue, diarrhea…
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ABOUT THIS SHOW
Readings of weekly drug cards based on the NREMT curriculum.
HOSTED BY
Michael Egan
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Readings of weekly drug cards based on the NREMT curriculum.
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